English as a Global language Essay

Discuss the compulsory and ostracise mends of having incline as world(a) lectureOver the last decades side has compete an authoritative role virtually the world as vernacular lyric for economic, command, scientific and entertainment exchange in the midst of nations and in violateicular between mint. The ordained aspect is that slope words open doors in equipment casualty of planetary communicating and business, because this language has become a powerful hammer in basis of improving productivity and driving growth where it is employ . However, there be also a number of significant negative aspects such(prenominal) as incline dominance and hurt of languages mainly determined by globalization. Therefore, this essay provide take up the negative impacts of having incline as a global language because of the way English language affects early masss lingual skills and behaviour by nitty-gritty of mass media. victimisation English as an international lang uage has most benefits in piles lives. Firstly, the major positive effect is global communication receivable to the widespread coverage recognized and understood by muckle everywhere. whizz utilization of how English has helped to improve communication in the world is effrontery by Crystal (2002) English language was implemented in melodic phrase field after the second world war, when the International Aviation governing body agreed with the objective of traffic control safety. This is important because having wiz reciprocal worldwide language is in a very real mind the final safety net. Additionally, English is the widespread language in command due to the great influence of English in close to(prenominal) fields, where communication is the key in exhibition to improve development and knowledge (Weil and Pullin 2011).In fact, today this language is used to normal strong suit instruction in higher education for manycountries, including several where the language h as no appointed status. What is more, it is that English has had positive impact in business because it is an important puppet in impairment of driving growth and international development. There argon some(a) significant spokespersons in transnational potbellys such as atomic number 16 which is the largest electricalengineeringcompanies in the world sited in Germany. Since 2002 the corporate language is English (F rosy-cheekedricksson, Barner-Rasmussen & Piekkari 2006). It is clear that companies use English not only for productivity unspoilt now also for integrating batch at work. Allied to this another nerve is in Deutsche Bank which implemented English as a common language for meetings, in order to achieve efficiency (Rogerson-Revel 2006). It can be seen then that English language has positive effects in concourses lives not only in everyday life still also in ad hoc fields such as air travel, education and business.However, if one looks closely to the situation of nonage languages there are a number of negative aspects of having English as a worldwide saliva. one of these is English dominance. Actually, language plays an important role in terms of influencing peoples behaviour by mass media such as movies, satellite TV and DVDs which can be viewed almost universally, examples of this such as Hollywood Films, TV Series and CNN news (Morris 2002). The effect of mass media does not tick when the movie or program ends. This lingering effect might just be the cause of behavioural changes in people.Another example of the English media dominance is given by Kaul (2011) who argues that most languages scholars pretend that the boob tube companies peculiarly from the US have created a variety of programs such as Bloomberg, MTV music television and National Geographic in order to cover different audiences and as a result influences on peoples thinking. It is clear that English has negative consequences onpeople through mass media communications due to the influence on their mentality. Language loss is another negative effect of English as global language. Actually, match to Whalen (cited by Gibbs 2002), in the United Kingdom there is some accent mark Irish Gaelic, where people started seeing their languageas inferior to the prevalent language, then people ceased plowing it for everyday life.Thus, iftheir children stopped speaking their experience language as a result the language inevitable will vanish. Another case related to this make do is in the United States where some languages are into extinction such as Shoshone which is the language of native autochthonous community, this tongue has been taught for generations carrying the identity of their people. However, due to the pressure of English language and American culture, Shoshone will extinct inevitably (Krauss 2003). This is because Shoshone speakers have been influenced inevitably by American society. It can be seen that, there are significant examples of la nguages loss this issue is driven by English as worldwide language.Therefore, although English as a global language can have some positive effects in fields such as education aviation and business communication arguably has more adverse effects. Young people have been facing serious problems in their lingual identity due to English media influences . This aspect continually changes with the individual development, harmonise to the environment and situations in day by day life, where English is a powerful tool of communication. One example of this case is given by Kaul (2011) who states that global western brands such as Disney, well known in terms of influencing childrens behaviour through communication and shopping experience. This means that, The US export western perception of entertainment to the children under its consumer strategy with significant consequences in their lives.Another example ofEnglish Media dominance in young people is in television such as cartoon network programs which have become a negative influence in terms of linguistic expressions (Hassan & Daniyal 2013). It is clear that, English language through mass media is affecting negatively behaviour and linguistic skills in young people. Another aspect that it is important to take into billhook is linguistic Culture loss. A recent study of a gathering of undergraduate students in selected private and public universities from Malaysia, found that being expert in English is viewed as superior, higher status and elite fond interaction than the local language. (Kim, Siong, Fei & Yaacob 2010). The implication here is the detriment of the mother tongue and as a result the linguistic culture.According to Keebe(2003) regarding indigenous linguistic loss is not only an issue in terms of linguistic concern but also in terms of preserving culture. It is clear that, as global language English is responsible for some damages in linguistic culture in some communities. This situation causes that minorities gradually behave the language from the mother tongue to the foreign language with consequences in terms of culture identity. It can be seen then that there are some significant evidences to show that English language as a worldwide tongue can have negative effects in nonage communities such as language loss and rejection of their own language.Although, some argue that English as a common language may expedite global communication, there are significant negative impacts in terms of misunderstandings between people. One of these is the pronunciation due to the different English accents around the world. There are some examples in aviation field one example of this was between members of the crew and a rider in job New Zealand flight,from London to Oakland,California where a young man passenger understood Oakland instead of Auckland. Therefore, was taken to Auckland, next day New Zealand airlines gave him a free-ticket to Oakland (Krivonos 2007). This example shows that m isunderstanding can occur inany part of the flight whether landing or taking off stage.Moreover, there are examples in terms of communication where English as a global language has changed its vocabulary due to the adaptations in different countries depending on the communicative needs such as words associated to traditions, rituals, cooking, recreation, habits, and many other aspects of daily life. For instance, in South Africa the expression The bakkie had to stop at a red robot , people need to understand that the word bakkie means a truck and the word robot means traffic light (Crystal 2003). This means that English as a common language is exposed to several changes due to the language itself now belong to the world.Moreover, while some authors take upthat English as a worldwide language has positive impacts in terms of business WorldLingo (cited by Feely and Harzing2003) has argued that there are several companiesespecially in China, South America and Middle East where the gu ideline is to speak same language as their nodes. It is important to take into account that negotiations and sanctioned documents are inevitable in mother tongue. This means that, for companies the priority is customer development needs. Thus, English in these situations does not have benefits for them. Further to this, according to Joshihara (cited by cited by Feely and Harzing2003) he points out, in his studiesthat Japanese transnationalscorporations most of the overseas offices are leading by Japanese people, this means that senior and medium management level prefer to carry on working in Japanese language.This means that, the priority for several companies in Japan is to contract Japanese people in order to solve their language communication issues.It can be seen that even though there are some positive impacts on having English as a global language for global and business communication purposes, it can be argued that there are several evidences that English plays an importa nt role in terms of misunderstandings and return opportunities in business communications whether aviation or multinational corporationIn conclusion, English as a global language clear has a negative impacts on young peoples linguistic skills and behaviour through mass media. While , English has a positive effects in terms of global communications such as aviation, education and business,therearesignificantnegativeimpactsonpeopleduetothemisunderstandings such as aviation field and business communication. Moreover, having English as a common language may affect negatively adults thinking through media due to the influences on mentality.Additionally, English language plays an important role affecting young peoples behaviour and linguistic skills via mass media. Therefore, English as a worldwide tongue is influencing negatively local languages and by default its survival due to the pressure of the English language in daily life in the communities. Moreover, English language is respon sible for damages in linguistic culture whether local communities or minorities in different countries. Therefore, governments and leaders should consider the adverse consequences of English as a global language when making decisions in mass media policies, and consider the importance of its impact on young people and minority communities in terms of linguistic and culture identity.Reference ListCrystal, D 2003 , Crystal, D 2003, English as a global language, Cambridge University Press, New York, New York, pp. 70,162.Demont-Heinrich, C 2011,Cultural imperialism versus globalisation of culture Riding the structure-agency dialectic in global communication and media studies, SOC4 Journal, Manuscript. 401, viewed February 2014, pp 3.Feely, A & Harzing, A 2003, Language management in multinational companies, Cross Cultural oversight, vol 10, no. 2, pp. 46-47.Fredriksson, R & Barner-Rasmussen, W & Piekkari, R 2006, The multinational corporation as a multilingual organization, viewed 3 Fe bruary 2014, .Gibbs, W 2002,Saving Languages, Scientific American, pp. 85. Hassan, A & Daniyal, M 2013, Carton network and its impact on behaviour of school going children, International Journal of Management Economics and Social Sciences, Economics, pp. 8.Kaul, V 2011,Globalisation and media, Mass communication and journalism, vol 1, pp.4, 5.Kim, L & Siong, L & Fei, W & Yaacob, A 2010, The English language and its impact on identities of multilingual Malaysian undergraduates, Online Journal of language studies, vol 10, pp.95-96.Krivonos, P 2007,Communication in aviation safetylessons learned and lesson required, .Majidi, A 2013, English as a global language Threat or opportunity for minority languages?, Mediterranean journal of social sciences, vol 4, np. 11, pp.34. Rogerson-Revell, P 2007, Using English for international business a European case study, English for specific purposes, vol 26, pp.104.Weil , M & Pullin, P 2011, English as a lingua france in education- Internationalisa tion speaks English, .Whaley, L 2003,The future of native languages, viewed 5 February 2014, http//www.elsevier.com/locate/futures/

What are the reader’s first impressions of the Woman in Black?

?What are the proof contributors first impressions of the muliebrity in downcast? The first description of the Woman in Black raises a lot of questions for the reader to think ab by. The fact that she is described as universe Dressed in deepest blackthat had rather gone out of fashion suggests that the woman is out of place in the time blockage as well as at a funeral. This tie in to how the other(a) funeral attendants can non see her. The fact that she is a woman and described as being refined in black cogitate to the title of this novel which gets the reader wondering if she is the Woman in Black.Secondly, her cloths are described as a little rusty flavor. This gives the impression that her clothes are agedness which links with her isolation from the rest of the funeral party as she isnt dressed in the most up to date formal funeral wear. She is also tell to have a terrible wasting disease and the thinnest layer of grade was tautly stretched and strained across her bon es. Also Arthur says she had a blue-white glimmer on her flake. All three quotes suggest a religious guessing character. This links to other ghostly descriptions of the woman including Eyes seemed sunken cover song into her head.The quote thinnest layer of fleshacross her bones links to the quote a victim of starvation because if someone has been starved and so you can see the shape of their bones. However, to create contrast, Arthur Kipps shows sympathy for the woman when he says some lingering hint, of a not inconsiderable former ravisher and I bent my head and prayed for the soul of that lonely old woman. Her flake is described as being extremely pale, even more than than a contrast with the blackness of her garments could account for.This shows that the contrast between the colour of her skin and her dress is completely different linking her to the theme of contrast in the novel. doubly in this section of the story, Arthur notes the movement of the woman when he hears some push aside sound behind (him) and the same again later on with a slight rustle of clothing. The use of small sounds to show her movement creates hesitation as the reader doesnt know if she is real or not because she is making a sound when she moves but the description of a ghostly figure contradicts that.The quote on hearing some slight rustle behind me then links to having acuteness of the senses and the theme of sounds in both(prenominal) Edgar Allan Poe novels. When the funeral congregation moves outside, Arthur describes where the woman stands. She stands some yards back, beside another key fruit transcend with moss. This makes the reader question why the woman is looking at another cay and not looking at the actual burial. The fact that the headstone is overgrown with moss suggests that it is an old headstone but it would be hard to tell how old.This links to Arthur finding it hard to tell how old the woman is. Could it be her headstone? Finally, when we first meet any of the other characters in The Woman in Black we are given a short description of how they look and dress, however, the Woman in Black has a considerably longer and more detailed description meaning that this character and this meeting obviously had a bigger impact on Arthur than any other character as he can quite easily recall and retell every detail of the funeral of Mrs. Drablow.

Compare the presentation of love within the three sonnets studied Essay

The three praises that I studied were, How do I cacoethes thee? by Elizabeth Barret- browning, Let me non to the marriage of true minds by William Shakespe ar and Since in that locations no help let us kiss and section by Michael Drayton. Of these three there are numerous differences and similarities. It is known that at the time of writing her sonnet, Elizabeth Barret- brown was happily married to Robert cook, but without the consent of her father. They move to Italy where she began to use the Petrachan diversity of sonnet.At the time when William Shakespeare wrote he was known to remove already established himself as an actor and playwright and was working for the direct company, the Lords Chamberlains Men. In Draytons sonnet we chance on that he was a contemporary of Shakespeare, this poem comes from a long chronological succession of sonnets c aloneed Ideas Mirror. These sonnets were all inspired by his nonreciprocal eff for Anne Goodere, although he himself never married. As with Shakespeare his use of personification is passing effective. Although their styles differ all three poets are speaking of their honey life for some other person.Elizabeth Barret-toasting writes to her husband and as a women writing, it is writ cardinal in a sociable and soft tone. Her diction and style used is incredibly dramatic. To begin with Browning presents her do it to her husband in a really private and harming way. She uses language and expressions like I roll in the hay thee to the depth and breadth and top My soul s nullify packing crap, Browning writes from a female point of opinion and wants to strike a commitment to her husband. The ideas of venerate in the three sonnets differ, as Draytons love is unrequited and he is not writing in a reality, he has no one to write to.With Browning we know that she is writing to her husband and making a dedication to him. She writes in a serious til now, immensely loving devise, we tummy proclaim from reading her sonnet that her husband is her life and the love she feels for him is described as endless. We see that Shakespeare writes in an incredibly confident manner, he is not writing to a person, as such, so his style differs from that of Browning or Drayton. Shakespeares sonnet is an bill of love, he writes in his opinion and of how love can conquer all. As we know that Browning is a woman, her style and tenderness differs terribly from that of Drayton and Shakespeare.Draytons intention in his sonnet is to try and win over his apotheosis of love, Anne Goodere. His efforts are useless and in his sonnet he translates he wished to make himself excuse, so we can see that he does not enjoy the love he feels for Anne and wishes to be free of it. The name of his sonnet being, Since theres no help, come let us kiss and part. Meaning since they can no longer resist each other, let us prepare one kiss and part each others company. He does achieve what hes trying to do, as wh en reading this I truly understood how he felt, he was trying to depart from this love.Drayton goes onto say And I am glad, yea, glad with all my lovingness, That thus so cleanly I myself can free. He means that now, afterwards this kiss, he is glad, highly glad that he can get over the possessive love he once felt for her. We can clearly see that Brownings intentions are to make it perfectly clear to her husband and tell him exactly how she feels about him. She achieves this brilliantly and by her use of such outrageous, yet hooking lines, detailed with words and phrases such as, death, she produces her amazing sonnet -and, if beau ideal choose, I shall but love thee better after death. She talks of her after life and hopes that she will be allowed to spend it with him. Shakespeare intends to convince and tell every one of his thoughts on love, he is so confident that he is correct and that everyone will agree with him that he ends his sonnet with the rhymed braces If this be error and upon me provd, I never writ, nor no man ever lovd. and then showing that if this sonnet is wrong and proved to be then he never writ it and noone ever loved. This can also be see as Shakespeare being cocky, he is quite sure of himself and the accuracy of his sonnet that he is voluntary to make an extreme statement.The general tone of Brownings sonnet is a heart felt, true expression of her love for her husband, she counts the numerous ways of how she feels and lines such as With my lost saints, I love thee with the breath, Smiles, tears, of all my life Showing that she loves him with the or so powerful feelings of all she has undergo in her life, her tears and smiles and the breaths she take each day. This differs from Shakespeare as he has a general confident manner and is stating the feelings and meanings of love. He uses personification in the lines issues not Times fool, though rosy lips and cheeksinside his bending sickles compass come issue alters not w ith his brief hours and weeks, But bears it out even to the edge of doom. Meaning that love is not timed, it has no schedule of when to begin and cease, but reaches until the end, when death occurs. Love does not change over hours and weeks it stays constant until the brink of sound judgment Day, death is it only let out. He shows how love, if true, will stay with the lovers until death. Compared to Brownings and Shakespeares general tone, Drayton does not use the powerful and heart felt tone that Browning does, neither does he state a general meaning for love, as with Shakespeare.He seems to tell a story, or rather a tale, which he longs to happen between him and the one he loves, his love is not returned. He knows this and so at the end of his sonnet he uses the rhyming couplet Now if thou wouldst, when all assimilate given him over. From death to life thou mightst him yet recover. This tells us that Drayton is willing to wait for his love, saying that if they ever change thei r mind, eh will be there waiting for them. He uses the form of a dramatic monologue and and then does achieve a passionate sonnet. Shakespeare uses the rhyming form of abab cdcd efef gg.This enhances his poem and the rhyming couplet at the end of the sonnet changes the tone right at the end. This is effective and can give a totally different meaning. This anatomical structure gives his sonnet a flow and the language used works perfectly. We can see that his manifestation of love and the way it is structured means that Shakespeare is an extremely construed poet and writer. Browning uses Petrachan form in her sonnet and gives it the rhyming form of abbaabba cdcdcd, this is also known as an eight line section, known as the octave, followed by a six line section, known as the sestet.thither is also a break in the thought and tone of the sonnet between these two parts. With Drayton his structure shows us that he was near at the same time as Shakespeare and uses the same rhyming sche me and couplet to finish. This again proves to be very effective and leaves the extra statement of the end to seal the sonnet to his love. All three of the sonnets are extremely master key and all excellent. However, Browning seems to use the most powerful structure, source and form as it is written purely from her heart.All three sonnets flow very exceedingly sanitary and have a good structure target them. In comparison to Shakespeare, Brownings use of structure is the most varied. It lends itself well to her meaning and rhyming such lines as I love thee to the depth and bredth and height My soul can reach, when feeling out of fate Just increases the exaggeration of the rhyme, the meaning is therefore exerted and we find ourselves wanting to reach on. Shakespeare use of rhyme in alternate lines is also effective and lends itself well to his language and style used.The words fixed and wandring are designed specially for this sonnet, as there must be ten syllables and 5 stresses in a Shakespearian sonnet. Shakespeares use of language does not differ very much from Drayton as they were written around a particular period. Although in Draytons sonnet he is infact lecture of getting rid of love and how he will feel after it has gone, he seems to want to be relieved of the feelin, Shakespeare however is talking of how great love is and how it does not alter.In comparison Brownings sonnet is the most different out of all three in her entry of love. Her compassionate tone and kindhearted comments rule over he sonnet and seem to guide her to all correct places of describing. The effectiveness that Shakespeare, Browning and Drayton all have is one to make us all want to experience love. The three very different sonnets are similar in their presentation of love, as they all enjoy it, apart from Drayton who now wants to be free of the hold it has on him. But as we can learn from Shakespeare, Drayton whitethorn find it hard to do so.

Philippine Constitution

The sanction chapter dealt on the entirety of the soil which is considered to be a very important concept in the field of policy-making science as it is branded as the basic unit of the multi tribeal community and the ultimate expression of political activity among men. The third chapter was aimed at discovering the historical roots and progression of Philippine government in direct to understand the complexities and changes indoors the bounds of local governance. This chapter will be consecrated to the discussion of the fundamentals of the so called fundamental equity of the land which is the point light of the affairs of both(prenominal) solid ground and government.In addition, this will e an enterprisingness salvo to the critical study of the scroll as we enter the portals jumper lead to the first ii fragments of the 1987 Philippine nature?the Preamble and the National Territory. judgment OF CONSTITUTION Creating an Equilibrium Before we delve deeper into the con cept of the organic fair play, allow us first turn our attentions to the specialized field of political law that is germane to the study of the record itself? reputational uprightness. themeal Law is the study of the criminal maintenance of the proper balance between authority as represented by the three Inherent powers of the State and liberty as guaranteed by the dick of Relights. L Genuine liberty entails exercising It without causing any reproach or Interception on the freedom of others. This Is the Ideal arrangement since by practice, sight unavoidably uses liberty beyond normal control.Hence, the take has been endowed from Its cede with the three Inherent powers to wit police power, eminent domain, and taxation in target to regulate the usage of individual rights. But this does non lowly that the carry always has the authority to intrude on an individuals freedom because in the context of recordal Law, what is macrocosm advanced is non primacy of champion o f the two factions scarcely the promotion of the co- being establishment Defined Cooley describes it as the organic structure of rules and maxims in accordance with which the powers of autonomousty are clothesually exercised. 2 It in like manner refers to a make verbally instrument by which the fundamental powers of the government are established, limited, defined, and by which these powers are distributed among several segments, for their more safe and useful exercise, for the benefit of the luggage compartment politic. 3 The first commentary is much more extensive compared to the second one nice it covers point the unwritten ecesiss like custom and traditions.Furthermore, Cooleys definition relates on the founding principles reflecting the aspirations of the sovereign duration Millers complicate in its context the structuring of the government wherein the several powers are distributed for the promotion of the common heterosexualforward. In laymans terms, it is sole(prenominal) if defined as the organic or supreme law of the posit. report vs.. Statute Constitution and decree are two terms belong to the same world of levelheadedities but differ in their scope and inalienable meaning.The disparity is demo in the allowing instances 1 . The spring elaborates on world(a) items such as policies and principles while the die mentioned deals on more specific topics. Statutes always rise the basic rule of legislation kn possess as singularity of subject. 2. In addition, in the context of being cave in to change, the physical composition (for the field of studys of the written, enacted and rigid) house non be easily amended while statute is more circulate to change and can even be repealed easily with regards to its constitutionality. 3.The constitution is the carrefour of the peoples integral sovereign power in society while statute is a result of he per fashion modelance of legislation or law-making as practiced by the legislat ure. 4. Lastly, in approximately showcases, there is all one constitution in operation but there can be several statutes that would be enforced at heart the bounds of the bring up. Discerning the objective The purpose of the constitution is to prescribe the permanent framework of a system of rules of government, to assign to the several de social functionments their respective powers and duties, and to establish true first principles on which the government is founded. 4 Dissecting this democracyment airating from the Statesn Jurisprudence, three government administering the state 2. Next is the apportionment of the different political powers to the branch or de departmentment that essential exercise it so as to avoid concentration of powers and 3. Finally, to run for the guiding principles which financial aid the daily affairs of the entire governmental order. advantage without a Doubt The constitution is the supreme law of the land.Neither legislation nor even the gameyest government official exercising immense powers inside the state can question the ultimate position occupied by the organic law in the hierarchy of the political system. The legislature can make laws but such laws are limited because they must in systema skeletale to the tenets and principles anchored on the constitution. In fact, the judiciary checks both legislative and executive departments by interpreting their actions as constitutional or unconstitutional. The people, its creator, in the exercise of sovereign power whitethorn not disregard the constitutions as intumesce.But it must be remembered that they can make up changes if ever it is proven that the constitution does not serve or deal out the needs of the current stake. The supremacy scenario can alike be observe in the landscape of the multinational community due to the fact that in cases of conflict between transnational law and municipal (local) law, the latter usually prevails based on the principle of par in paper non habit emporium. But there are exceptional cases wherein constitutional inferiority is demonstrated in upholding the general interests of the people. Variety Exists Constitutions around the globe are not exempted to the phenomenon dubbed as variety. Gradations exist and these are categorized into three major(ip) segments 1 . There are two kinds of constitution according to form namely written and unwritten. The differentiation does not rest on the aspect of being written or not because mom examples of the unwritten constitution are in fact written documents. The major distinction is based on the organization of the scattered pieces into one, single collection.The written constitution is usually the unionised one while the unwritten consists of rules which have not been integrated into a single, concrete from but are scattered in various sources. 7 The 1987 Philippine Constitution is a written one while the slope Constitution is an unwritten type. 2. The next one is constitution according to origin which similarly has two types enacted ( normalal) and evolved (cumulative). Enacted is a result of a thorough document construction normally done finished and through a constitutional convention and is normally instituted at a definite time and place.On the other hand, evolved is a product of continuous surgical process of accretion or adding up as it operates from one generation to another. The present Philippine Constitution is enacted while customs and traditions would be the best example for an evolved constitution. 3. According to manner of amendment is the last family that comprises both flexible and rigid constitutions. Flexible constitutions are characterized by tractability which implies that it can be changed by he sense that it can only be amended by a specific body and the affair itself is quite complex and difficult.The 1987 Philippine Constitution is rigid while the constitution of the Scandinavian state of Sweden is considered as flexible. Written Constitution Essential Qualities Since the 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines is a written one, it is more sensible to tackle the all important(p) qualities of a constitution in the lexicon of the written type. 1 . Broadness refers the extensiveness of the constitution in terms of its scope and reach. Furthermore, broadness relates to the fact that the constitution is conflicting to embody the past, reflect the present and to anticipate the future. Accordingly, it must have the cleverness to provide answers or solutions for every contingency. 2. Brevity implies that a cheeseparing written constitution must stick to the basics. It is limited in the sense that it should not be a venue for staging the details which must be addressed and expressed by reinforcing legislation. Thus, the nature of the document is to prevent the mooring wherein it becomes too chatty or wordy. 3. A written constitution must also be definite. This quality relates to the condition hat its alimentation must be construed in a clear manner to avoid vagueness in the interpretation.Such equivocalness may lead to confusion and divisiveness among the people, and perhaps even physical conflict. 8 Written Constitution Essential Parts Almost all texts relations on the topics of constitution, law and Political Science are in bargain that there are three essential parts of a good written constitution. These are the following 1 . The constitution of liberty which is symbolized by the presence of a Bill of Rights, elaborates the citizens civil and political rights as well as the imitation imposed on the side of the government in the regulation of the same.It is found in word Ill (Bill of Rights) of our constitution. 2. Reflected in member VI (Legislative), VII (Executive), VIII Adjudicatory), and IX (Local Government) is the second essential part known as the constitution of government whose main feature is the outlining of the governmental structure an d the respective powers that they must utilize in the conduct of administration. 3. The provisions relating to the procedures on how to institute changes in the constitution is referred to as the constitution of sovereignty. Article XVII (Amendments or Revisions) is an exemplary of this part.Beginnings of the 1987 Philippine Constitution September 21, 1972 is the dread day of the proclamation of Martial Law courtesy of one of the most infamous head of state in the Philippines?Ferdinand Adrenalin Marcos. Such resolution was fueled by the various political upheavals in the Philippine political scene at that time including insurgency movements of militant groups and the fear of a communist seizure of the duly constituted government. The Martial Law lasted for active 8 categorys and was only lifted in 1981. The growing year 1983 Seen. Benign stern Aquinas, Jar. Turned from his exile in the United States and was assassinated at the Manila International Airport. Three years after suc h heart-breaking murder, Marcos called for a special snap election which was centered between him and the widow of Ninny?Carbon Core Aquinas. Massive cheating and electoral fraud characterized the election process in which the final tally of votes expressed the victory of the administration. Yet, even though triumph was at hand, the snap election was one of the major reasons that catapulted the great deal Power Revolution of 1986.The withdrawal of the military support for the overspent through the acts of high military officials Fidel V. cramose and Juan Pence Enrich led to the downfall of the Marcos Administration. The worlds attention was gravitated to the Philippines in the year 1986 when the cheapest revolution9 in history was launched in order to overthrow the infamous regime of Ferdinand Adrenalin Marcos. The latter was forced to go to an exile in Hawaii, United States. When Core was inaugurated as President, her administration shake up the entire governmental order and pro mulgated the Freedom Constitution that abrogated the operation of the 1973 Constitution.The Freedom Constitution was the precursor of the 1987 organic law. In the latter part of the same year, she ordered the formation of a underlying Commission through Proclamation no. 9 to draft a new constitution to legalize the new government. The regular session of the said commission was held from June 2 October 15, 1986. It was headed by Cecilia Munson Palm, the first woman to be appointed to the Supreme courtyard of the Philippines, as chairman, together with Ambrosia B. Patella as vice- chairman. Napoleon G. Ram served as floor leader with Jose D.Cauldron and Madam Domain Alonso, a Muslim legislator, as assistant floor leaders. Members of the commission came from different walks of life which hatch such prominent names as former COMELY Commissioner Rene Sacramento, former Associate Justice Florien Regarded, former Chief Justice Hilarious Divide, Jar. , doyen Emeritus of Atone Law School FRR. Joaquin G. Barnes, S. J. , award-winningly director Lion Brocks, and notable lawyer Christian Monsoon. After drafting the newly structured and intentional fundamental law, the commission recommended to President Aquinas the scheduling of the plebiscite for the ratification of the proposed code.A three-month point was given for the people to carefully study and scrutinize such. The plebiscite was scheduled on the 2nd February, 1987. During the campaign period for the ratification, Filipinos were quite apprehensiveness eventually, they approved the plebiscite. The process was a huge success with 76. 29% affirming the ratification while 22. 74% were on the contrary. The 1987 text is pretty lengthy and wordy which is composed of xviii articles. Historical experiences have molded it into its present form and substance curiously the enormous impact of the Martial Law Era.THE PREAMBLE A gibibyte Introduction A book has a preface, a thesis has an abstract, and for the case of th e constitution, here is a preamble. From the Latin word presumably meaning qualifying in front, achieved through its expression of the authors of the document and their corresponding ideals and aspirations. It must be noted that the Preamble is not a source of rights, obligations and powers for both citizenry and government side. But because it sets down the origin, scope, and purpose of the Constitution, it is useful as an aid in ascertaining the meaning of ambiguous provisions of the Constitution. 0 For a better understanding of the messages imparted by the Preamble, several distinct partitions will be created and analyzed. We, the Sovereign Filipino People. This opening phrase indicates the main authors of the Constitution. What is unique in this construction is that the first soulfulness point of view was employed through the usage of the word we. This is very different form the case of the 1935 Constitution wherein the third person point of view was reflected by the less at tract description The Filipino people. FRR.Joaquin Barnes, one of the framers of the current organic document, explained that the third person approach (1935) suggests that another power (the United States) was merely announcing that the Filipinos were anally allowed to promulgate a Constitution. 11 Hence, The Filipino people in the 1935 text clearly conjures the situation of the Philippines at that time being under the hands of another sovereign power and has not achieved true independence. During the euphoria of imperialism, the term Filipino does not nurse to the natives of the Philippines.The Spanish colonization has founded a social stratification where natives were placed at the bottom of the social ladder while pure-blooded Spaniards (peninsular and insulates) and messiest are situated in a much higher position. These groups were regarded as Filipinos while the natives were branded as indigos?a moniker that signified racial discrimination. It is incredible to know that the framers of the 1973 and 1987 Constitution visualized the commonality among us that we are one homogeneous body and truly Filipinos by heart.Imploring the Aid of Almighty God. Len both 1935 and 1973 texts, this phrase is worded as Imploring the guidance of the presage Providence as a form of respect to the the religious freedom of every person situated in the Philippine archipelago including non-believers. During the deliberations of the 1986 Constitutional Commission, it was decided that guidance would be replaced by aid since the latter is a more all-embracing term12 compared to the former. Divine Providence also yielded to Almighty God due to the realization that the latter implies greater intimacy regarding our relationship with the Divine and is considered as more harmonical with Filipino religiosity. 13 Basically, this part of the preamble creates a remarkable date on how we value the role of the Omnipotent as the rudder leading us to our outstanding lories and destinies in life. Build a Just and Humane Society. The state and the government being created by the people themselves must uphold and create a social order that ensures fairness and greatly values piece rights and dignity.The phrase added the notion that a constitution not merely sets up a government but is also an instrument for building the larger society of which government is merely a part. 14 Establish a Government. This phrase was carried on by both 1935 and 1973 constitutions in their respective preambles. peerless of the major intentions in drafting a institution is to establish a government that would regulate both inborn and external affairs of the state and has complete autonomy in the eyes of the establishment of this structure 1. follow our Ideals and Aspirations.This refers to the primary responsibility of the government in advancing peoples interests and not its own selfish political agendas because the powers of the same emanates from the governed per SE. 2. Promote the Co mmon Good. General well-being was used in both 1935 and 1973 texts but it was agreed by the 1986 Constitutional Commission that common good would supplant it in the new constitution. The rule is found in the implication of the former phrase as the greater good of the majority and not the greater good of all components of society. Thus, good must be common to all. 3.Conserve and Develop Our Patrimony. Patrimony is so extensive when we lecture of its scope since it includes everything that is rightfully owned by the people both genuine (resources) and immaterial (customs and traditions) ones. The government must see to it that these valued belongings of the nation must be preserved, conserved and developed. 4. Securing the Blessings of Independence and Democracy. This particular segment is not totally similar to the 1935 Constitution because the preliminary organic laws preamble only mentioned the blessing of independence in the third person point of view.This scenario suggests t he Philippines situation during the American occupation which is electrostatic preparing to accomplish the colossal goal of self-rule. As seen in the current version, democracy was already inserted in order to reverberate the fact that the country is already a separate and independent state observing the principles of Republicanism and Democracy. In addition, this phrase is accompanied by the word posterity to straining out that the securing of the blessings of independence and democracy extends even up to the eras of the next generations.Dating and Campanile also emphasized that the government established must also operate under the following conditions 1. Under the Rule of Law. The created medium of the state must follow and be guided by the laws of the land. It bolsters the principle that ours is a government of laws and not of men which means that no person or institution is to a higher place the law. 2. Under the Regime of Truth, Justice, Freedom, Love, Equality and Peace. Justice and liberty were enshrined in the 1935 text while peace and equality were added in the 1973 Constitution. What is new in the 1987 document is the inclusion of the lecture truth and love. Truth was incorporated in order to impart to the readers of the Constitution how dismaying and hateful the acts committed by the previous administration (Marcos) in plunging the public into the pool of myriad lies. On the other hand, love symbolized the lucky staging of the bloodless revolution against the iron rule of a dictator. THE bailiwick TERRITORY Territorial jurisdiction of the Philippines Territory is one of the four elements of the state and Just like the effect of the cinematic of people, destruction of the government, and loss of sovereignty, without it, the existence of the state would be in huge peril.Thus, it is important for a state integrity. As expounded by Article 1, the general scope of the national grunge of the Republic of the Philippines includes 1. The Philippin e Archipelago. It is generally understood that the Philippine archipelago is the aggregate of the major island groupings namely Luzon, Visas, and Mindanao. An archipelago whose etymology originates from the Greek word appeals(meaning composed of several islands or groups of islands environ by water. Tracing the national filth provisions of the 1935 Constitution, the Philippine archipelago also covers a.The whole Philippine grease ceded by Spain to the United States of America via the pact of Paris which was contracted between the two parties on the 10th of December, 1898. B. subunit Islands and Canaan De Sulk which were clarified by the Treaty of Washington that was gestural on November 7, 1900. C. Turtle and Manages Islands through the principle between the United States of America and Great Britain whose purpose was to delimit the boundary between the Philippine archipelago and atomic number 7 Borneo. The said convention was signed on January 2, 1930. . Philippine Waters. W aters in this sense applies to all the water forms found in the entirety of the stain. due to the nature of the Philippines as an archipelago state, the wet embracing its islands (internal waters) are also considered as vital parts of its territorial control. Moreover, the term includes the territorial ocean, contiguous zone, and max Economic Zones (ZEE). 3. Other Territories. These other territories over which the Philippines exercises sovereignty or jurisdiction entail the inclusion of the allowing a.The islands of Battles as reflected by the clause all territory over which the present government of the Philippine Islands exercises legal power16 in the 1935 Constitution. B. Those realms belonging to the Philippines based on historical right or legal title, such as Saba in Northern Borneo, enshrined in Article 1 of the 1973 fundamental law. On a more specific perspective, the territorial Jurisdiction of the Philippines is comprised of three kinds of domain namely 1 .The terre strial domain corresponds to the Philippine landmass and land forms making up the whole archipelago such as mountains, hills, valleys, volcanoes, islands and islets, etc. Furthermore, this domain embraces the natural and mineral resources found in (floras and faunas) and on a lower floor (subsoil) the land surface. 2. On the other side, fluvial domain relates to the national waters enclosed by the archipelago baseline and the expanse of water located outside(a) of the same marker. It also incorporates the seabed, the insular shelves, and other submarine areas. A.National waters include the water forms situated within the Philippine landmass like lakes, falls, rivers, canals, bays and treats as well as the internal waters identified by the archipelago doctrine. I. Archipelago precept is a generally accepted principle in International Law that is being incorporated and can be found in the last part of the National Territory provision. It states that the waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of their breadth and dimensions, form part of the internal waters of the Philippines. This doctrine is usually applicable to those states whose territory is archipelago in nature such as the Philippines, Indonesia, and Japan. It solidifies the fact that in the case of archipelago states, the islands, even though separated by bodies of water, will still be treated as a single integral geographical and political unit. 17 ii. Straight Baseline Method is the most commonly baseline method which follows the contours of the landmass, it is done by determining the outermost points of the archipelago and connecting such points with straight lines producing an irregular polygon.The waters within the baselines shall be considered as internal waters while the breadth of the territorial sea shall then be calculated from the baselines. 18 iii. The Constitution treats the waters inside the baseline as internal waters but International Law thr ough the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOGS) considers it as archipelago waters. In the eyes of the municipal law, no remote vass can enter the internal waters without the states consent. On the other side of the scale, International Law recognizes that foreign vessels may fly the archipelago waters in the exercise of involuntary entrance only.Passage is innocent as long as a ship refrains from engaging in certain prohibited activities which includes but not limited to weapons jesting, spying, smuggling, serious pollution, fishing, or scientific research. 19 Involuntary Entrance refers to emergency scenarios wherein a foreign vessel enters territorial waters by reason of lack of provisions, ship is unequal to(p) of continuing the voyage, weather disturbances, etc. B. Outside the baseline, one can find the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the Exclusive Economic Zone (ZEE), maritime areas, and the open sea. I.The dimensions and measurements of the first three are also determined by the UNCLOGS, an international agreement which was partaken by the Philippines as one of the signatory states. It. The territorial sea or waters is about 12 naval miles from the baseline. The coastal state exercises full sovereignty and Jurisdiction over this area yet foreign ships can enter it on account of the right of innocent characterization and involuntary entrance. Iii. Another 12 nautical miles from the baseline of the territorial sea is the contiguous zone where territorial Jurisdiction of the coastal state is not absolute.Even though control is limited in this area, the coastal state is still entitled to prevent infringement of its customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations within its territory or territorial sea. 20 In addition, hot hunting can still be conducted in this zone. v. Just like the previous zone, the Exclusive Economic Zone or ZEE (about 200 nautical miles from the archipelago baseline) is also not a solid comp onent of the national territory of the Philippines.What is significant about this area is that the coastal state has the right to explore, exploit, conserve, and manipulate the natural and mineral reserves as well as inject structures and conduct marine scientific research within its maritime dominion. V. maritime areas include the seabed, the subsoil beneath the seabed, and the insular shelves which are redundantly found within the areas of the territorial seas, contiguous zones and the ZEE. V. The high seas also known as international waters or open seas are definitely beyond the Jurisdiction of the coastal state.

Assignment 302

Assignment 302 medical prognosiss name.. Principles of person-to-person education in adult social c atomic number 18 settings Assignment organization Assignment overview In this assignment, you will look at the importance of pondering practice in adult social bid. You will explore how reflective practice can repair your development and practice and contribute to the attribute of overhauler provision You will also look at the surgery of programning development, and the importance of feedback and reflect on how your values, belief systems may actuate your practice. occupations There are three tasks to this assignment. A steerage B in the flesh(predicate) development plan (PDP) C Reflecting on learning experiences Task curtilage Learning outcomes covered Task A Guidance 1. 1, 1. 2, 1. 3, 2. 1, 2. 2, 2. 3 Task B Personal development plan (PDP) 3. 1, 3. 2, 3. 3, 3. 4 Task C Reflecting on learning experiences 1. 4 Assignment mark sheet campaigner name. .. Candidate numberC entre name. Holistic confederation Support Training. Centre number.. 09368 Task Evidence Results A Guidance Passed Y/N B Personal development plan (PDP) Passed Y/N C Reflecting on learning experiences Passed Y/N I can confirm that the evidence listed for this unit is my own cook and was carried out under the conditions and context specified in the discernment specification. Candidate signature hearI confirm that the candidate has achieved all the requirements of this unit with the evidence listed and the assessment was conducted under the specified conditions and context, and is valid, authentic, reliable, current and sufficient. Tutor / assessor signature. Date. External verifier signature (where applicable) Date. Tasks Task A Guidance (A) inform 8 core aspects of your job descriptionIdentify 4 different legislations which underpins the way you are expected to carry out your job and describe how you engage performed in accordance to those standards 1. 1, 1. 2, 3. 1 You are go ing to be a instruct for a new social wish actor as stop of their induction process. Part of your role is to help them prepare for the review afterwards their probation period. Ai Create a guide for the new social care role player about how to reflect on their practice. The guide must admit the headings listed with an explanation of each. a) What is reflective practice? b) Why is reflective practice burning(prenominal)? ) Give example of how reflective practice has contributed to improving the quality of your service provision. d) How standards can be used to help a social care worker reflect on their practice. 5. 1, 5. 2, 2. 1, 2. 2 Aii You arrange a wise man meeting to feed back to the social care worker. You ware comments to ready which include both praise and constructive criticism. Write notes to prepare for your meeting. In your notes, explain a) Why it is important for a social care worker to seek feedback on performance. b) The different ways that slew may play of f to receiving constructive feedback. ) Why it is important for a social care worker to use the feedback to improve their practice. 3. 2, 4. 1, (d) Give example of feedbacks you have received and how you have used it to improve your practice Aiiiidentify one national inquiry into heavy failures to protect individuals from abuse. Describe the incident and explain how the recommendations from the inquiry report have changed or improved the way your organisation work Task B Personal development plan (PDP) Bi Design a templet for a personal development plan (PDP) that you could use to improve your learning, development and professional practice.For each heading in the template, provide a draft summary describing what should be included. 4. 1 Bii (a) Explain how a PDP can help a social care worker identify improvements in their knowledge, soul and practice. 5. 1, 5. 3, (b) Give example of how a plan has helped you develop or improve ____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ BiiiIdentify sources of support for planning and reviewing your development. Explain how this has been beneficial to you 4. 1, 4. 2, 4. 3 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Biv Identify people who can help you develop your knowledge, understanding and practice. Give example of how and when this occured ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bv Explain how the people identified above can help you appreciate your strengths and areas for developm ent. 4. 1, 4. 2, 4. 3 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Flow of Gold and Silver Dbq

Chantelle DuncanMr. Rich public AP world 1/22/12 DBQ on Flow of coin in mid-16th to 18th century The increasing extend of silver during the mid-16th to early 18th century had a very coarse impact on the economic and social parts of some countries through effect on land, trade, and value of silver. The huge influx of silver brought many economic problems in both Spain and mainland China. Antonio Vasquez de Espinosa, a Spanish priest appears shady at the huge amount of silver being taken and stolen from the mines in the westerly indies some paying no 20 % tax and/or registry fee and shipping silver out to the Philippines and china. doc 6) As shown in document 2, a Spanish scholar, named Tomas de Mercado, tells of the problems that the sudden influx of silver is causing Spain. The streets of Manila in the Spanish territory of the Philippines could be coat with granite cobblestones brought from China in Chinese ships coming to get silver for China De Mercado is showing anger in the amount of Asian ships coming to set out silver, the colossal amount of which is undoing the Spanish economy.Wang Xijue, a Ming dynasty court positive reports to the emperor (document 3) that Chinese economy is declining, with cheap grain despite unretentive harvest due to the scarcity of the silver coin The government . The large amount of silver coming in created problems socially as sanitary. Xu Dunqiu Ming, a writer, tells in an essay that seems directed at the general public, of the unfairness of dye shops in the commercial city of Hangzhou. Dye shops must now be paid with sliver from a moneylender, instead of livestock or crops.Borrowing from a money lender instead of trading animals or food is plunging chinas poorer class of people even further into debt, as well as changing the economy type of the Chinese people. (doc 5) Socially, other problems occurred as well. Greed became serious, as shown in doc 1, where Ye Chunji, a county official, says the frugal man with o nly one bar of silver currency can fix something left over, whereas the extravagant man with a thousand can legato not have enough on the topic of limiting union expenses. Wang Xijue in Doc 3. ells of how due to the government requiring silver though dispensing little, farmers atomic number 18 receiving less returns and thus less land is being cultivated. British merchant Ralph Fitch tells of his trip to the West Indies, telling of how the Portuguese use Chinese goods bought in china to trade for obscene amounts of silver in japan, which they go back to china and use to bring home luxury goods to the west indies. (doc 4) In conclusion, the huge influx of silver posed both a social and economic problem in mid-16th to 18th century in Asia and parts of Europe.

Human Resource Management. Motivation. Maslow.

Motivation- Having the entrust or desire to go ahead and do something or to progress to that little bit harder. Why we need penury? Motivation whitethorn come from a persons own interest much(prenominal)(prenominal) as their safety or peeer(a) things not so personalised c ar praise or reward. Different theorists dupe proposed that there ar m whatsoever antithetical tracks to motivate people. earnings is considered a principal(prenominal) type of motivation in a engagement environment and extracurricular a melt down environment. Pay only is not the only means of motivation.There are other ways that people whitethorn be actuate and things that entrusting keep them motivated. These types of things are appreciation of pass away, opportunity to advance, responsibility and empowerment, a sense of achievement and the sense of chall(a)enge and enjoyment. A motivated work force will work harder and together achieve much resulting in the livelong workforce having a greater output in untold slight time, resulting in lower labour costs. It in any case doesnt need much supervision. An unmotivated workforce will do the opposite.This work affects the measuring rod of work and its quality. How to motivate is a difficult topic with ein truth whiz looking for something in a job sometimes not just wear. So a fleck of theorists have researched how this should be done. Frederic Taylor motivation in the late 1800s at the Bethlehem sword fellowship in the USA. He believed that employees could be working to a greater extent(prenominal) than expeditiously using their shovels. He figured out that 21. 5 pounds of weight was the stovepipe weight of material for an employee to lift in order to work at their wide-eyed potential creating the best output.He recommended that they use shovels that could lift that amount. So Rewards that would be disassociate of Taylors theory are things such as * Pay -For many employees the reason they go to work is fo r repair. They need money for bills and other expenses involved in all(prenominal)day animation. Some constitutions will use pay as a reward for employees. They whitethorn be tending(p) spare pay in the sour of a one off fillip or by giving employees a pay rise. However pay not be the key motivator to employees and some employees will work for low pay moreover may have job satisfaction.Tesco uses this form of reward to all employees. * Performance related pay - This is a way for employees to be rewarded dependent on their performance in the last three, six, or twelve months. Lots of types of aires use this type of reward and so will Tesco to its higher job roles such as management and so on. It is very gross for manufacturing and sales jobs where the more products or sales the employees make the more they are stipendiary. Area managers at Tesco will be paid more if their area is performing faster and of a higher standard. Profit communion - Profit sharing is when a bus iness gives its employees a share of the businesses dough depending on how well the business is doing. Shares are divided between employees depending on how many years the employee has worked at the judicature and their level in the organisation. If the business is doing well the employees will recognize great benefits but if the business isnt doing too well the payment will be small. Tesco will once again offer this to much higher staff such as managers and directors. * Employee Share options Share options, like profit sharing are a way to reward employees based on a companys performance. Share options open fire be given to employees free shares that they fundament administer after a set period of time or as an option to buy shares at a lower fixed enjoin than what the general public would pay. It provide be quite difficult for employees to see how their individual commitment will affect the overall running and company performance. * Staff discounts -Businesses such as Te sco and other businesses in this type of empyrean may offer discounts on products to their staff. Elton Mayo.In the 1920s and 30s a theorist by the name of Elton Mayo set out roughly perfecting the ideas of Taylor and explored them in further depth he realised there was more to employee motivation than just pay. He created a reading known as the Hawthorne Study, he carried out some experiments in the USA, Chicago to investigate motivation further. His study dis reared a add up of work outs by testing inducing contrivances, rest periods, hours of work, and changes in lighting and heating. Mayos whole study un see to ited that rises in productivity were not only due to pecuniary rewards, but likewise due to management involvement, team working and communication.So Rewards that would be part of Mayos theory are things such as * Company Vehicles - Company vehicles may be given to employees as a reward. They jackpot use these vehicles in both their working and their personal li ves and do not need their own vehicles for evenings and weekends. This kind of benefit like bonuses is valueed. higher(prenominal) employees in Tesco may receive a company car this is comfortably for both employee and employer, because the employee leanls a sense of belonging and the employer will usual have free advertisement because the company car will have the logo of the organisation just like Tescos does. Child dish out - childcare is some other reward that employers may offer to their staff. The childcare may be indoors the building with something like a nursery or creche, whilst other employees may pay toward the fees of a private or council nursery. For older children after crop activities or holiday clubs may be paid for or subsided Tesco offers childcare ends to most Tesco staff. * Corporate clothing - Corporate clothing may be a uniform that an employee wears during their working hours as part of their job. Employers might in any case offer their staff a discoun t on clothing they can buy from the business.Some organisations use staff as Part of their identity, for example you can recognise staff from Tesco by their work apparel. * Flexible working - Organisations like Tesco can offer employees special working hours which can be more motivating for staff helping them balance their working lives and their personal life. train Life balance can be very important to employees, oddly if they have people to take care of or other violence commitments. Flexible working hours usually makes employees feel more valued and slight stressed. * Leave offering yearly paid leave to employees is another form of a reward that is offered by Tesco. As of the 1st of April 2009 every full time employee is entitled to 5. 6 weeks paid leave per year as part of the working time regulation. * Cafeteria incentive schemes - The name is a root to the way you can pick what you want from a selection of different rewards and benefits and chose the ones they want. Mak ing these rewards more personnel and motivating. The employer therefore, avoids spending money on rewards that are not wanted or needed. A sample of the type of benefits offered is things such as Holidays * Company car * Bicycle loan * Insurance, e. g. medical cover * Loans * Childcare * Health screening * Season tickets for sporting events * Computers * Discounts * awards. Abraham Maslow suggested needs of individuals can be ranked into a hierarchy. The lowest ranking needs are basic needs and they must be fulfilled before any other needs can be fulfilled So Rewards that would be part of Maslows theory are things such as * Pension schemes - Some organisations like Tesco offer pension schemes such as rewards to employees these are usually one of two types.Contributory and non contributory. A contributory pension scheme is one that both the employee and employer put into, whilst a non-contributory pension scheme is one where only the employer puts money in to. Tesco employees all ha ve the option of arising a contributory pension scheme they can open but also have the choice not to have one. * Health care - many employers offer free or subsided health care to their employees and a lot their families as well. This means that if they are ill they can claim from organisations such as BUPA to have treatment privately.Health care may be given in the form of discount vouchers for treatments such as massages or knockout therapy. * Extended parental leave - Extended parental leave is the amount of leave that can be taken by employees to look after their children in addition to what they are entitled to by law so tesco must offer leave however they also offer all-embracing parental leave to higher management or skilled staff. the work and families act 2006 ensures that all parents can take a certain number of weeks off work however it is not paid and neither is broaden parental leave.But some employees may choose to pay full net profit or half wage to employees w ho are taken leave and the organisation must keep their job position open for them until they return. * Career Breaks -Employees are not entitled to a career rape and they are also unpaid. They cannot also be guaranteed that once they return they will be located in the exact same Job. Some organisations such as Tesco can offer these types of breaks because they may also bring benefits to the organisation.Key staffs are not lost, employees may return to work refreshed and happier and therefore more motivated also the organisation is seen to be caring for the well being of their employees. It is more common for employees over the age of 35 to take a career break rather than younger employees. * Salary Sacrifice schemes - These schemes enable employees to give up some of their gross salary to receive a form of a reward or benefit instead. The advantage of using this scheme is that the employee or employer will not have to pay as much tax or national amends.Tesco can offer salary sac rifice schemes to all levels of employees for example the options for floor staff to have a pension scheme or not. Frederick Herzberg Frederick Herzberg had close links with Maslow and believed in a two factor theory of motivation. He argued that there were certain factors that a business could envelop that would motivate employees to work harder, these are called motivators. But on the other happen there were also factors that would de-motivate an employee these are called hygiene factors So Rewards that would be part of Herzbergs theory are things such as * Bonuses -Bonuses can be a god way of rewarding employees with extra money. When they are paid a bonus this doesnt have to be done every year. They are a reward that many employees like to receive however bonuses like pay do require tax and national insurance to be paid. Other forms of rewards that tesco do not offer but could are things such as * School Fees - some employers will offer to cover or contribute to school fees as areward to the employee. This happens especially if the employee teaches or works for the school that their child attends.If an employer had a number of employees thats children went to a peculiar(prenominal) school the employee may be able to gain a discount. Loans/ advances -sometimes employees may have large expenses they have to pay for in their personal life so employers may offer part of their future wages (an advance) to be paid in to their account. Employers may also offer loans, often with a special low rate interest. * Mortgage subsides - owe subsides are payments that are given to employees to pay toward their mortgages.This reward scheme is usually used in areas where the housing is very expensive. Some organisations such as banks offer mortgage subsiders as part of their employees benefits. * Relocation Fees - A movement fee is the money that is paid to relocate an employee as part of their new or current job. There is no automatic right to receive relocation fees and some organisations will willingly pay for all expenses. This option will be placed on the type of position that the employee has in the organisation and how long they have worked for the organisation.

Math 533 – Ams

AIMS I will be firing over data provided about our customers based oftener location, Income size, ho drophold size, age at current location, and the credit balance they carry with our company. Using statistical analysis we rout out learn more about our customers and hopefully economic consumption this information to provide better services to our customers in the future to foreclose them customers for life.In my analysis I will go over the following * customer Location * Customer Income * Store Credit equaliser * Credit Balance Comp ard to Income Level Household surface Compared to Household Location * Household Size Compared to Income Level Where the customer lives, their Income level and the balance they hold with the company are good Indicators of customer loyalty. Extending credit to our customers is a good faith fashion of us showing the customer that we want their business and are free to take time to pay off their purchases.Before I fully discerp the numbers I woul d assume that the greater the income level the more they are charging. They have the financial meaner to pay the monthly payments and can keep a high balance. Customer location is important because it can help dissever us how often you rat the store. Someone in an urban surface area might shop 4+ times a month, where someone in a outlandish area might only shop erstwhile a month. But the person shopping 4+ times a month might be spending less than the person life story in the rural area who can only come at once a month because of distance Issues.Credit balance compared to Income level shows us how often higher Income customers are spending. Comparing the household size to the location can give us a feel for where the families are sustenance impair to the single parent or single person households are. You can use this kind of information to market and advertise special sales as necessary. Finally household size compared to the income level will show us how much large famil ies are spending and how often. This can also be useful to market big sales.Customer Location The above representation is a pie chart which shows are clients demo graphic locations. Of the 50 customers used in our take the greatest numbers of our clients are In the Urban arena, with the rural region being the least frequented. Of the sample we concluded that eve In an urban area live in a suburban area * 26% live in a rural area This is in my thinking an expected outcome. The ability to come to our store is much greater for those living in suburban and urban areas because it is closer to their proximity.While residents in the rural communities do frequent our stores they do so on a less frequent basis. Further investigation might be able to show that rural residents could possibly shop less frequently, but spend more per trip-up than someone in the urban area. Customer Income This simple bar graph shows the income level in the $1,000

Aldi Case Essay

Individual Action points included in the presentation8 App mop upix8 Executive authorship Group 9 was assigned with the Aldi end study for the Marketing counseling appraisal. I was assigned with the role of Group Leader by the members and to a fault trusted with the work for the PowerPoint presentation slides as I stated that I birth the proper knowledge. The role of the leader was taken seriously and I jump-starting lopting the lay hold ofing conditions and proposed and delegated the someone enquiry subjects related to our assort character reference study.The individual research I undertook for the Aldi case study was the be the endure model and detail research of the dogging value concept. As a convention leader I took the decision that completely the individual pieces of research to be presented indoors the gathering for all to acknowledge the trouble concepts used into making the companionship impress head for the hills processes and getting client conte ntment. Personally I designed the slides and the organize, which was later slightly modified by John Vincents proposal.Together we practiced and we have presented remarkably at the net presentation. Within the presentation I exposed a synopsis of the theoretical concepts of Lean Production, unbroken Improvement, sentence Based direction, JIT merchandise and entire woodland Management and was followed by Medet Coban who presented the Economies of Scale Concept plot of land in the closing part John Vincent presented the benefits of Lean sentiment concluded with a Market research regarding Aldis competitive advantage. Key atomic number 18as of personal research and sources of t individuallyingAs part of the Group 9 which had as case study the food retailing fellowship ALDI, the following atomic number 18as of research have been identified * Lean thinking philosophy * Lean merchandise * Continuous Improvement * merely In Time Management * Total Quality Management * Econ omies of Scale. The research of these concepts was distri verticaled among the group members for a more in reconditeness research and understanding. The key areas of research that I undertook for the group activity were 1. defining and understanding the concepts of Lean Thinking Philosophy and Lean Production 2. Continuous Improvement.Used as sources of information for the pieceation of my research were the LSC Library where I am registered as a student and the internet research. Also the group used the information of the case study. The proportion of the Library research weighted aprox. 80% of the total personal research, while the case study information weighted 10% and the internet sources in uniform port about 10%. The confine references will be found in the appendix at the end of this report. Key theoretical positions abridgment In the group presentation in that location were analyzed and presented the following theoretical issues The Mission and the ObjectivesThe Mi ssion is established by the draw circumspection of a f outrankrnity. It agrees the wide term achievements that are trea trustedd to be reached and the basic principles to be followed to get as close as possible to the proposed mission. These principles must be followed by all employees as they represent the companys values and in time the will have into the companys culture. The Objectives or targets are meant to set the results of the activity that the company needs to achieve in prepare to accomplish the mission set at the beginning.They can be quantitative or qualitative but always they have to be SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Time defined) In our presentation it was specified that the Aldis mission was established using the political theory Lean Thinking and that Aldi uses the same philosophys principles in order to achieve its handicraft objective for growth and continuous melioration. Lean Thinking is the concept where efficiency is develope d by the proceeds of the quality while reducing the addresss, time, space and effort.The concept is used most of the time standardised with the JIT concept. Lean Production is the process of organizing each process of an organization with the mathematical function of increasing the efficiency and minimizing the redundancy. Next there were presented the others concepts used as tools into achieving the lean processes as they were also presented in the case study Continuous Improvement relies on gradually improving the organizations processes for a accumulative increased rate of performance improvement.A development organization is also able to generalize the knowledge gained in the improvement process by its employees and then replicate it among them. Time Based Management its a general approach meant to reduce the level of unproductive time of the business processes. It usually requires multi-trained staff and/or advanced technology but it leads to advantages homogeneous fa ster market adaptability and a faster new product development. Just in Time Production the management system where a company provides its products/ function only as demanded on the market.The benefits of JIT are the reduced cost of stock management (only the necessary stock needed to cover for potentially delay of the suppliers or the production itself), fast adaptability for the demands on the market and waste reduction. Total Quality Management a general management concept that concludes that all the factors and the resources of the company should be used towards achieving long term winner through customer satisfaction. Its philosophy is getting things through right the root time.Economies of Scale is an effect of running the organization competently and applying also the preceding concepts. It presumes that a company will increase their incomes with a larger production/activity while maintaining approximately the same level of costs by using its resources efficiently. Indiv idual Key Conclusions First we learned about Lean Thinking concept and how important it is in todays dry land to be efficient. Studying ALDI case study we analyzed and discovered that having a competitive advantage on the market is both beneficial for the company and the customers in the same time.ALDIs competitive advantage was to offer the customers the high school quality products at lower prices by using the efficiency concepts that allowed them to run their processes with the minimum waste and costs. The lean thinking was adopted by the top management and included in the mission statement and the business objectives as the strategy to deliver the business benefits to the stockholders and the customers. The efficiency concepts used are reciprocal and complementary and they all lead towards achieving economies of scale profitability.Continuous improvement everybody in the organization is to accept the responsibility of their tasks and contribute to the efficiency of the organ ization by improving the process and the standards of the activity. Time Based Management is the most efficient when the company relies on multi skilled trained staff and can be considered as one of the main results of the continuous improvement. Just In Time concept orientates the companys activity towards the market requirements and allows it adapt its production volume, standards and diversity to the requirements of the customers.Total Quality Management is a global management concept that guides the entire organizations activity towards achieving customer satisfaction and every process must be efficiently improved to meet the quality, price and customer service demanded by the consumer. Economies of scale are the primary election result of the efficiency concepts that have been applied in an integrated path towards improving the business processes and to deliver the customer satisfaction. This will achieve the long term durability and development of the company as the mission and the objectives are oriented.The practical issues that arose prior to the presentation were * The difficulty into arranging a see were all the members be present and therefore making some of the group decisions just based on the judgement of the named leader. * The social organisation of the presentation was changed just on the last meeting as an intervention of one of the members. The bump of losing time into the preparation and repetition was bigger than the risk of the last snatch change and therefore we adopted the idea. After having the Power point slides done there have been modifications into the presentation which there were not changed into the printed handout overdue to the lack of time. Key Critical Observations and Commentary The first impression regarding the case study was that I would have had rather as the group assessment the marketing research and the development of a new marketing strategy. The start of the work on this piece was delayed due to the uncert ainty of what just now we are supposed to do.However, working on this case study gave me the fortune to remark that Marketing is an integrated component of the entire organizational structure even though the concepts were mostly about operational management. Discovering the management concepts like Continuous Improvement, Just In Time Management, Time Based Management or Total Quality Management made the group achieve that the Marketing Strategy is more efficient when the company has its production and services oriented towards getting customer satisfaction. The individual assigning directions I found to be a little bit confusing.Key topics of personal learning They key topic that I personally learned as a result of undertaking the group assignment was the Continuous Improvement concept. I have learned that Continuous Improvement is one of the two improvement methods, the second one being Discontinuous Change or melodic line Process Innovation. While the second method has a rat her ultra approach and its mostly used as a final resort to adapt to the environment requirements, Continuous improvement relies on gradually improving the organizations processes for a cumulative increased rate of performance improvement.The 3 steps in assuring CI are 1. creating the appropriate environment the connection must create an ambience where all employees adopt the organizations values and then set up standard procedures for the improvement process. The most common procedure is Demings and Shewharts Plan Do Control Act cycle. 2. Involving everyone in the Organization Company is responsible for the employees participation. They must train the staff in Statistical program Control and work teams to encourage employee participation as well as setting the objectives like Quality Costs Delivery Safety Moral. . employ the proper Problem Solving Skills Company must make sure that all teams have the appropriate Problem Solving Skills for the process improvement theyre respo nsible for. Continuous Improvement also relates to the concept of erudition Organization which means that learning of individuals must be generalized and replicated inside the company to achieve the best optimum improvement performance. Executive synopsis of The Group activityI consider that the team we created and the group assignment was successful due to the following factors * The final presentation went well, as think and everybody was happy of the result * Each student had the opportunity to do a piece of research and then presenting it to the other members of the group which helped learn respectively and also teach each other in an interactive manner * Group relations were well linked and there were no complaints to each other inside the group. The presentation of the individual research increased everyones confidence of taken a real presentation on their suffer for different subjects and in different situations. Individual Action points included in the presentation The personal contribution towards the group presentation consists of 1. I was first elected as the leader of the group. My role was taken seriously and I tried to set the best times for meetings and also tried to get everyone tough in the decisions and brainstorming process 2.I suggested leads to be followed for the presentation. I divided the research subjects and made everyone responsible for their own piece of work. The summary of each subject of research was presented individually inside the group. 3. PowerPoint slides design and structure were set personally and each member has its contribution with the content of their research for one slide of presentation. 4. Created the speech for the piece of presentation I was involved and took an active role into the practice of the presentation by directing and suggesting improvements.

Professional and Managerial Ethics Caselet Essay

Limaha Inc. is a world-renowned backside manufacturer founded in 1967. Limaha direct the innovation of advanced bathroom utilities and brinyly caters to First Class airports and 5-star hotels. The y come out of the closethful Asian economy boom has led to increased demands of Limaha toilet bowl for the business expansion of their loyal clients. In response, the comp any(prenominal) has decided holler for this unprecedented increase in toil that must be met as soon as affirmable. jenny Panaguiton, the purchasing manager of Limahas main office, was tasked to make a supplier of premium porcelain to be used in the labor of their patented No Pressure toilet bowls. This production entrust include a big production contract with a raw-fangledfound posh hotel in the countrys capital whose construction is about(predicate) to end with the installation of their bathroom fixtures.After careful analysis from 20 suppliers by the purchasing department, Jenny was presented and left to decide between 2 suppliers O Mang China and solecism B. Solutions. O Mang China offered superior porcelain at a high price. This price along with other(a) costs requirement to deliver the porcelain to the production plants was estimated to exceed the companys budget. Although Limaha give the axe choose to go ahead and allocate more capital for this transaction, it could result to rase company profits if the introductoryly agreed sales price of No Pressure toilet bowls is not increased. If Limaha decides to charge a higher(prenominal) price on their new product, there is a high possible action that the hotel client would back out from the contract and change to another toilet manufacturer for confirmed business ventures next year. slip B. Solutions, on the other hand, offered a depresseder price for the porcelain materials which is well within the companys budget. Christopher Barrido, the companys Vice President for Production tied(p) greatly encouraged Jenny on choosing s lickness B, as the unfeignedly low price of the porcelain would bring significant favorable variances in their divisions costs. Not only would their division have a pretty ascertain in front of the Board, there would even be a possible salary increase. He even promised Jenny of a bright future tense in the company if she makes the right decisiveness.Jenny, however, doubts their VPs motives, as Christopher would not unremarkably recommend any supplier and would just leave the Purchasing section on their decisions. She thinks Christophers actions have something to do with the generous gifts Christopher has been receiving recently from his long-time wiz and classmate, Teddy B.Teddy Bs proposal is highly enchanting when just considering the companys profits. However, the production team who reviewed the samples from Teddy B showed results that were a far cry from O Mangs porcelain. Materials from Teddy B produced inferior quality toilet bowls. The production team voiced out their concerns through Pie Bread, the production manager. Pie greatly discouraged the use of Teddy B materials to Christopher Barrido, arguing that the use of such materials would greatly affect their quality, and the name of Limaha Inc. could be tarnished through this. They were also very concerned that the hotel might withdraw previous arrangements with Limaha because of the fact that these inferior toilet bowls were simply not sequester for the posh hotel.Christopher just wont have any of Pies arguments. He argued that the employees under her department were only exaggerating about the quality of the samples. Teddy B has long been in the business of supplying porcelain, so he argued that the problem is not on the materials, but on the workers handling the production who are not being efficient enough to produce at the expected quality. Pie and Christophers debate had been long, and word travelled that Pie was even endanger of demotion if results with the Teddy B samples still would n ot improve. Needless to say, people from production are now pointing daggers to the purchasing department, as their decisions could cause them their plays.And so Jenny tried to negotiate the price offer of O Mang China and asked for any other possible alternatives their company could have. Its owner, Osmong, however presented her a very steep offer.Osmong is her former lover from a very bad and traumatic relationship.Osmong, savour bitter, is still deeply in love with Jenny even afterwards she broke up with him six months ago for a number of covert reasons. Since the washup, Jenny has vowed to never reconcile with this man again.In a horrendous attempt to get Jenny back, Osmong offered to significantly reduce their price to go lower than that of Teddy B, if and only if, she agrees to go back together with him again. This new price would mean that there would be no need for a price increase on the No Pressure toilet bowl, and they could even attract more potential long-term cu stomers because of their high-quality products at a really low price. To add to the list of her worries, Jenny received a blood to come to a private meeting in a close caf with Bea Wing, Limahas Internal Auditor. The meeting had been really stressful, as the topic was Teddy Bs alleged recent romantic interest with Jenny.Teddy has been sending Jenny many gifts and invitations to dinners since the start of the year, and they had g unity to a few dates. Jenny, however, just treated their relationship as platonic, and concluded that nothing can come out of their business meetings. Bea however would not believe any of it. Bea had been married to Teddy B for three years. Sadly, a gap in their relationship has formed due to their busy schedules. She noticed her husbands special attention to Jenny, and thought that a possible divorce could be coming to her soon if Jenny continues to lead him on with her business partnerships.Bea thinks that this new materials supplying contract could be the last straw. She later vowed, that if Jenny makes one wrong move on choosing her husband and write down her marriage, she would definitely destroy her life. Jenny was visibly shaken, given that Bea really has the power to do so, with a few alterations on her departments financial statement, and some row with Board of Directors regarding her process of choosing the material suppliers.Jenny really has a rope riding in this decision. The company profits, the production employees, her personal relationships, her co-workers, and her own job are at stake in this one important decision of choosing the supplier of porcelain for the No Pressure toilet bowl model. She could not sustain to lose her job now, given that it is the only way for her to pay for the checkup bills of her five dogs in the hospital. This one decision could makeor break her life. Even more so, shes not even sure if it is right.What do you think would be the best action to take?

Exempt or Non Exempt Essay

1. Amy sort the shift leaders for still consideration because some of their job functions squargon up within the criteria of an save employee. The criterias she ground the exemption precondition on were their responsibilities and duties which en suitabled them to piss a certain union of authority and other factors led to the consideration for the exemption status. The nature of their duties as private instructors every(prenominal)owed them the ability to delegate and assign the employee to the various work beas. They were further classified because of their day to day responsibility that included running the floor, making check managerial decisions, ability to set in on potential thought interviews, knowing first hand who is about to be terminated as well as providing feedback for associates performance review to the assistant managers. In admission to the managerial duties which were done for a small portion of the day, they had to assume the office staff of the as sociates by assisting customers and ringing up sales for the greater portion of the day.Since the aggroup leaders has some form of responsibilities as a manager Amy believes that she shadow appropriately classify them as exempt employees which qualifies for no overtime fabricate she even reference the FLSA to Jane. By classifying the shift leaders as exempt allows for Amy to pay them a salary which is non clearly stated in the case. Also under the provisions of the FLSA if you are qualified as an exempt employee, you are not entitled to overtime pay. Lastly, the department store is benefiting greatly because upper management is able to get more than the regular 40 hours out of the employees with the benefit of not having to pay them time in a half or overtime for the extra hours worked which gives Amy leverage because shes able to keep her personnel budget down.2. The shift leaders are not properly classified as exempt employees. In tell apart for consideration for an employee to be exempt the employer must take into consideration several factors. Those factors contain of the type of position that is held by an individual which are executives, administrative, learned professional, fictive professional, computer workers and outside sales are qualifications for an employer to consider an exemption status for the employee which falls in line with FLSA. According to the case, none of these leaders fall into any of the above category. The pay is another element that must be takeninto consideration.Although the case does not stipulate how much the team leaders are getting stipendiary, we know for sure that they are not paid nearly as much as the assistant manager tho they are paid slightly higher than the associates. Another factor is that they are associates majority of the time with a small portion of time existence allocated to managerial duties. To further advocate why they should not be exempt, is cod to the needed approval from the assistant manager and or the store manager for sales returns that exceed $50.00 which eliminates them from making any significant judgment calls that is allowed by managers. Finally, the team leaders do not hire they only sit in on interviews, they do not make the daily agendum for associates only the assistant manager does, they dont give appraisals even so they do give input and they are not involved in managerial decisions. In order for managers to be considered exempt they would need to stick complete autonym to decision making and the majority of their time should be pass on managerial duties instead of doing the work of an associate most of the time.3. The things that Amy need to consider before classifying shift leaders as exempt or non exempt employees are the requirements of the FLSA which consist of the salary base test. If the employee are macrocosm paid hourly than they are non-exempt and qualifies for overtime, if they are salary than they dont qualify for overtime. The employee r ate of pay, job position (Executive, Administrative, Professional (both learned and original professionals), Computer professional and Outside sales, as well as a job abbreviation needs to be done in order to classify the employee as exempt or non exempt. Also the fair gift Rules that was implemented in 2004 have guidelines for which compensation determines if the employee is deemed exempt.If a careful analysis of managers duties was performed she would have been able to determine that they do not qualify as exempt employees title alone cant determine ones status. To expand things further her team leads were either quitting or quetch about not getting paid for all the extra hours worked so she should have consulted with HR to ensure that the proper status had been selected. In addition, she should have verified how many hours a exempt employee can work lawfully in excess of a 40 hour work workweek without getting compensated. Lastly other things she should have questioned befo restipulating status are the team leads getting medical insurance, paid vacation, sick pay and all the benefits that is associated with a full time position that is considered exempt.