Friday, December 27, 2019

Edgar Allan Poe Examination of Writing Style - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1256 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/06/26 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Edgar Allan Poe Essay Did you like this example? It cannot be denied that few writers can manage to match the prodigiousness of a work of the late, great Edgar Allan Poe. This is primarily due to Poes distinguishing style. Style can be defined as a combination of many literary elements that serve to individualize a writers work from that of others. The examination Poes use of symbolism, diction, and figurative language in some of his most famous works, including The Raven, The Cask of Amontillado, and The Masque of the Red Death, lead one to conclude that Poe has quite a distinct style. To begin, Poe relies heavily on the use of symbolism to add depth and relatability to his short stories. For instance, The Cask of Amontillado illustrates the use of symbolism in the quote, A huge human foot dor, in a field of azure; the foot crushes a serpent rampant whose fangs are imbedded in the heel. Although this quote is describing Montresors (supposed) family crest, it also describes and represents the conflict between Montresor and Fortunato. Another instance of symbolism in Poes work can be found in The Raven: And the ravenstill is sitting/On the bust of Pallas just above my chamber door/the lamplight oer him throws his shadow on the floor;/My soul from out that shadow/Shall be lifted†nevermore! The many symbols embedded in the quote above assist more in the cementation than the creation of the storys ominous mood, but nevertheless contribute to it; they also illustrate the overall meaning of the poem and what Poe is attempting to communicate to the reader (that the m emories of his lost love are obstructing his would-be impending joy, leaving him ravaged by a fierce depression that, according to the raven, will not cease). The quote helps the audience to visualize the raven atop the statue and connect that physical situation to the conceptual one of the symbols mentioned. In addition, The Masque of the Red Death, being an allegory, obviously contains symbols left and right, many of which are exhibited in the quote, he summoneda thousand hale and light-hearted friends from among the knights and dames of his court, retired to the deep seclusion of one of his castellated abbeysa strong and lofty wall girdled it inPrince Prospero entertained his friends with a masked ball. In a nutshell, the symbols mentioned correspond as follows: the princes guests represent the human race, the abbey and the wall are physical barriers against the Red Death, Prince Prospero stands for the wealthy and/or privileged portion of society, and the masked ball symbolizes the guests denial of their imminent deaths to the pestilence. This contributes to the story by creating the allegory, i.e. giving most objects/concepts in the story a double meaning. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Edgar Allan Poe Examination of Writing Style" essay for you Create order Next, Poes particular use of diction serves to create the eerie moods of his stories. For example, in the first two stanzas of The Raven alone, there are numerous instances of this, including midnight dreary, weak and weary, bleak December, each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor, and Nameless here for evermore, which add an ominous atmosphere to the already mysterious mood. As for The Masque of the Red Death, it is believed by some to be unique among Poes work as it is not entirely dark on the surface. Examples of words and phrases that exhibit this are extensive and magnificent, eccentric yet august, masked ball of the most unusual magnificence, voluptuous scene, irregularly disposed, windings of the suite, multitude of gaudy and fantastic appearances ghastly in the extreme, gay and magnificent revel, bold and fiery, barbaric lustre, much glare and glitter and piquancy and phantasm, arabesque figures with unsuited limbs, delirious fancies such as the madman fashi ons, and beautifulwantonbizarreterriblenot a little of that which might have excited disgust. But then, there are periods of darkness, displayed via the use of words such as the redness and the horror of blood, gigantic clock of ebony, dull monotonous clang, the giddiest grew pale, uneasy cessation of all things, a stiffened corpse, Darkness and Decay and the Red Death, and illimitable dominion over all. The mood is quite varied; it seems to the reader that at one moment they are reveling with the revelers and all their strangeness, and at the next worried about how much time they have left, which one might suppose is the intention. Navigating the lines of Masque is an experience comparable to walking through a funhouse; there is such description of the bizarre and unorthodox that it seems all is distorted, and this, of course, plays a part in determining the storys overall mood as well. Finally, diction is used in The Cask of Amontillado to aid in constructing its suspenseful mood as Montresor and Fortunato descend deeper and deeper into the catacombs and Fortunatos imminent death looms nearer with each line. A few examples of this are through several suites of rooms, long and winding staircase, for many minutes, I paused again, and descended, passed on, and descending again. Although these three works and their individual moods are varied, Poe uses similar techniques to create the mood in each, thus piecing together his overall style. Finally, Poe uses figurative language, such as imagery, irony, allusions, etc., frequently throughout his work in order to enhance his audiences understanding of his stories. First, in The Masque of the Red Death, the most impactful uses of figurative language are when Poe uses juxtaposition by writing, All these and security were within. Without was the Red Death to illustrate the stark contrast between the masquerade inside the abbey and the outside region beaten into submission by disease, and when he foreshadows the climax by saying, They resolved to leave means neither of ingress or egress, hinting at the possibility of someone entering/leaving the synthetic and supposed safe haven. Next, important instances of figurative language in The Cask of Amontillado include the use of irony in that the character who is murdered has the name Fortunato (which, ironically, means fortunate) and the various instances of imagery throughout the story, an example of which is the entire 68th para graph, which describes the situation of bones and crypts in one area of the catacombs, assisting the reader in understanding the layout of the vault.. Lastly, in The Raven, the most critical of the numerous instances of figurative language lie in the multiple allusions to mythology (Perched upon a bust of Pallas; Tell me what thy lordly name is on the Nights Plutonian shore), which serve to illustrate both the ravens wisdom and hellishness. In conclusion, based on the analysis of Edgar Allan Poes use of symbolism, diction, and figurative language throughout his stories, it is clear that his style is fairly varied between his works, but he uses the same literary elements for different effects in each. He generally uses symbolism for depth, but how that depth affects the individual story it is being in used in is various. The diction he utilizes throughout his stories help to create their moods and even add suspense, and his use of numerous types of figurative language simply assist in enhancing a story as a whole. Overall, Poe writes in the same way that people of his time spoke, he uses extremely descriptive language, and his work is quite advanced; when these elements are displayed alongside one another in his stories, it is obvious that he is an extraordinary writer with a distinguishing style that will not be forgotten

Thursday, December 19, 2019

A Young Girls Growth to Maturity in Persepolis by Marjane...

The graphic novel Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi is a political and personal account of a young girl’s growth to maturity. The novel serves as an autobiography of the author’s childhood in Tehren, Iran. It describes what it was like to grow up during the 1979 Islamic Revolution, the end of the Shah’s regime, and the war with Iraq. One of the most prominent themes in the novel is the clash between modernity and fundamentalism. The reader can observe this conflict through Irans internal oppositions, the Satrapi’s modernity, and Marji’s western soci-political beliefs. This aspect of the novel is important because it shows the ideological diversity within Iran and the consequences faced by those in the opposition. Iran’s conflict between modernism and fundamentalism can be seen in the novel’s focus on the political prisoners. Marji encounters various men that were incarcerated for holding extreme leftist views, including her uncle, and the consequences they faced. In the chapter â€Å"The Heroes† Marji is exposed to the various torture methods induced to make the prisoners betray others who shared their discontent. This can be seen when Marji’s father asks about Ahmadi and Siamk, the newly freed prisoner, tells them, â€Å"†¦ Ahmadi was assassinated. As a member of the guerrillas, he suffered hell† (54). In making this comment, Ahmadi shows the intensity with which fierce opponents were persecuted. Additionally, the never ending arrests and deaths of these political opponents show the

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Attributes And The Personality Traits Of Gates †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Attributes And The Personality Traits Of Gates. Answer: Introduction Regarded as one of the wealthiest man alive, Bill Gates has been an important leader, motivator, philanthropist and a significant business entity of the present times Bill Gates established the world's largest software business enterprise, Microsoft with partner Paul Allen, and today his net worth is around $91.6 B. they founded the company in 1975 and subsequently became one of the most successful business venture of the current times. Bill Gates has stepped down from his management position of the company in 2008 to concentrate the focus to charitable work the Bill andMelinda Gates Foundation and in 2014 he stepped down as chairman as well (Forbes.com, 2018). Bill Gates along with his friend Paul Allen had dropped out of Harvard to create this venture In March 1986, Microsoft was listed for initial public offering (IPO) for $21 per share, and this step of taking the company public made him a millionaire when he was just 31 years old. At this time the worth of the company was $520 m illion and Gates held 45 percent of the company's share. He had gained recognition as a remarkable leader and exceptional. He has inspired a lot of people to dream big and achieve heights in life. In this assignment the leadership and entrepreneur traits of Bill Gates are going to be discussed (Forbes.com, 2018). Brief history Bill Gates was born in 1955 in Seattle to a culturally and financially rich family; he was always an ambitious young man who was hard working and far-sighted. He was enrolled in Harvard law school where he dropped out in order to develop Microsoft; his vision was to create a solution software that was compatible to be used for universal purposes. He was passionate about computer systems and information technology; he used to hack servers easily of the Computer Center Corporation where he and his friend were allowed to carry out their experiments. After they had hacked their systems they were not allowed in the campus for weeks (Patel, 2017). In 1970 when the organisation was bankrupt the students working for the organisation lost their jobs along with many other officials. But talent finds its way and he had got opportunity to showcase his talent and carry out his experiments. In 1975 Paul Allen and Bill Gates founded Microsoft. The company started facing difficulties but by the end of the second year the company had 13 members and the sales reached new milestones. Since then the exceptional visionary leadership of Gates and his knowledge helped him take the company to new achievements making him the richest man at the age of 39. He has been on and off the top position but has been consistent on the list (Elkins, 2018). Main Attributes of entrepreneurship that helped Bill Gates achieve success From the history and the introduction of Bill Gates that is stated above one of the major point that is being repeatedly highlighted is that he had pursued the dream that he had. He loved what he did which encouraged him to work and strive hard for long hours (Patel, 2017). Pursuing the passion is the way of success, if one doesnt enjoy what he or she does then they will not be able to succeed in the endeavourer. He used to spend time with computers learning the process and the functions of the operations more than the time he used to spend studying for his examinations. By the time he was in college he had made up his mind regarding his future and he had his vision set on the goal for his future. He had spent a lot of time learning the computer languages and programming, which he later turned into an empire of opportunities (Forbes.com, 2018). He was not scared of hard work, he was focused and learned whenever he failed he had spent time understanding and learning his shortcoming so that he could maintain the position of being at the top of the game. It is a common saying that it is easy to reach the top but it is difficult to maintain the position. Encouraged by his passion for learning computer science he worked hard to develop his skill sets and expertise (Patel, 2017). Gates spent years, programming and developing coding, and finding solutions that could address the problems that were being faced on a global platform. Even after the establishment and success of the company he continued to work hard and equally encourage the employees of the company to achieve their goals and objectives. He wanted his employees to share his own passion for the product and the service that the company was offering the clients and in order to deliver a quality product hard work was inevitable (Elkins, 2018). He had vision for the company and he always thought in the long term process, though the objective of the company is set in a short term basis but he always had a far sighted strategy in the management of the business which made the company successful. In terms of the barriers and the challenges that he had faced in the course of this tenure, he assured the company combated the risk and grow in the due course. According to Gates it is very important to have a clear goal in business as well as in life, if the destination is clear then the path towards the destination can be achieved. Setting milestones and yardstick measures helps in identifying the achievements and failures (Ward, 2017). Another main attribute of Gates is that he welcomed and always encouraged innovation in the company both in his way of life as well as in terms of encouraging and motivating the people of the organisational (Patel, 2017). It can be said that he follows transformational leadership, the product or service that he offered transformed the way computers were used in domestic purposes. In the course of the company he has implemented several policies to motivate the people to innovate and crate new ideas (Elkins, 2018). Positivity and pessimism is one of the attribute in Gates that has helped him learn and evolve with time. The backlashes and the criticism that he receives he used as a learning yardstick and tries to evolve from the feedbacks that has been provided. Gates said, Your most unhappy customers are your greatest source of learning (Rampton, 2016). Personality traits and personal approach He is hard working and passionate this is one of the traits that have been discussed above. He is visionary and he has the capability of recognizing the opportunity, he is also a person who is far sighted which has helped him throughout in this decision and policy making process for the company (Patel, 2017). Gates is a person who is a believer in sustainability he is considerate and is philanthropic in nature currently his focus is to develop and expand the foundation that is named after him and his wife. Microsoft is an organisation that has invested in CSR from a very long time. Gates understands the responsibility he has towards the society and the environment apart from the financial benefits of the company (Elkins, 2018). Bill Gates was advised by another popular leader Warren Buffett to learn to say No, he has taken that advise and has shared it with others in several interviews, it is important for entrepreneur to say No at times, it is important to take decisions and in the process he or she should ensure that they do not agree to everything rather use their analytical skills to understand the situation (Ward, 2017). He is also a risk taker form a very young age he has established that he is not afraid to take risk in order to pursue his passion; he has shown several examples of his risk taking trait in the time he was heading the management of Microsoft (Rampton, 2016). He is determined and is driven by passion, he does not leave any of these tasks undone or incomplete, and he faces failure with positivity and takes it as a learning experience. He is also pragmatic in nature which makes him a successful person (Ward, 2017). About the company Microsoft was established as a software developmentcompany in 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen. The company was established with the vision of providing common people a platform of software that was easy to use and could be adapted by people easily. The company initially faced a number of barriers in the process of operation and product development there were several security issues in the prototype and then there was issues with sales in the first few years of operation (Rampton, 2016). The losses of the company was enormous this was due to the issue of piracy where people could easily copy the software instead of buying it form the company. This is an illegal act but the company there was no way that the company could track it hence they had to evolve the technology and build a security system that could not be imitated. During this time he had pleaded the government to provide rights for software as well like music or art. In 1977, the company earned around $500,000 dollars with strength of 13 people in the organisation. The operations of the business were divided in RD and business administration while Paul Allen was the one responsible for RD, Gates managed the administration of the business. Facing a lot of ups and down in the process of business operation the company in 1986, was listed for public with $21 which grew to $28 dollars in a day. In 1993, the company reached another milestone of being the most popularly used operating system in the world. He stepped down from his position in 2008 (Rampton, 2016). As the leader of a cutting edge organization Gates ensured to take care of his employees, he encouraged innovation and creative liberty among his employees, he motivated the people to work hard and share his passion and love for the company. He ensured the issues and grievances of the people are taken seriously and worked upon. He focused on generating job satisfaction by allowing people space in the work environment (Ward, 2017). Identification of the process As Gates and Allen were both passionate about the computer sciences and spent most of their student days learning and developing programs and technology they had a fair idea about the contemporary changes and innovations that were taking place in the industry, they had realized a scope of a software that could be used by the common people which was user friendly. The far-sighted, pragmatic nature of Gates drove him to grab the opportunity and build an entity around the product and the services (Ward, 2017). Challenges and barriers faced by Bill Gates There were a number of issues that was faced by the duo, firstly they had to engaged in a lot of learning process before developing a satisfactory product. Yet there were security issues that were identified. The company did not have a sales team, which meant that the sales in the initial days were low until the company started investing in promotion (Rampton, 2016). A major issue that the company faced was of Piracy and that is where Gates claimed to have protected rights form the government for software as well because it is also a work of science and creativity (Patel, 2017). When IBM had approached Gates with a business proposal he had to deny due to lack of documentations and drafts. He had to recommend the rival company for this offer. Nevertheless, with the leadership skills and outstanding management expertise the company gained the position of being the most widely used software in the world making Bill Gates one of the riches man (Ward, 2018). Conclusion Bill Gates is popular as a visionary entrepreneur, transformational leader and an outstanding philanthropist. The company that he and his friend has built has gone through many ups and down in the course of time but Gates with his exceptional skills in management and leadership pull through those years. He still continues to inspire the younger generation through his actions as well as his ideas. References Elkins, K. (2018).Bill Gates: These skills will give you the most opportunity in the job markets of the future.cnbc.com. Retrieved 15 March 2018, from https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/12/bill-Gates-these-skills-will-help-you-most-in-the-future-job-market.html Patel, D. (2017).5 Traits That Made Bill Gates, Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos Wildly Successful.entrepreneur.com. Retrieved 15 March 2018, from https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/302735 Rampton, J. (2016).How Bill Gates Became a Leadership Legend.entrepreneur.com. Retrieved 15 March 2018, from https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/250607 Statista.com. (2018). Microsoft's annual revenue worldwide, from FY 2002 to FY 2017 (in billion U.S. dollars). statista.com. Retrieved 15 March 2018, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/267805/microsofts-global-revenue-since-2002/ Forbes.com. (2018).Bill Gates.forbes.com. Retrieved 15 March 2018, from https://www.forbes.com/profile/bill-Gates/

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Minit Lube Case Study Essay Example

Minit Lube Case Study Essay The following are some observations, conclusions and recommendations we made. -Company’s value proposition is Operational excellence -All ten operations decisions has to support chose value proposition and provide competitive advantage -Minit-lube provides fast and quality customer service at low cost by utilizing resources in an efficient way Analysis Mission of Minit-Lube is to provide fast and superior quality customer service with no additional cost to customer. In order to succeed in the market place company has to have focus. The value proposition most likely might be Operational Excellence. In this case, competitive advantage is created through high efficiency of the operations, and as a result providing a greater value to the customers in comparison to key competitors. Ideally, we have to analyze 10 operation decisions in all functional areas in the light of chosen Value proposition and determine areas of process improvements. At the same time we have to decide which of the 10 decisions we have to concentrate on in terms of improvement and how much effort we will place on others. The service provided by the company is in maturity stage since it is highly standardized and many other companies provide similar service to the customers. In order to retain and improve productivity company has to be highly efficient in use of assets. 10 operation decisions should be implemented in a way to provide competitive advantage. 1. Services design. Company differentiates itself by creating positive first impression, providing fast service by combining procedures which can be done simultaneously and more efficient way of assets usage. 2. Quality. We will write a custom essay sample on Minit Lube Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Minit Lube Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Minit Lube Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Precise job assignment, good training and concentrating on specific task allow for a high quality service while ensuring high speed. 3. Process and capacity design. Since the product is in maturity stage the capacity utilization has to be optimal, and process must be very stable. In this case Mini-Lube has well define and very efficient process of car maintenance, it make good use of facility and labour. 4. Location selection. The location has to be close to the customers, probably in commercial areas where customer can enjoy different activities while their cars are on service. Additionally, since the process only takes about 10 minutes, it is more important for the customer to have activities accessible within the facility It should be located close to customers, probably in commercial areas near competitors, brightly lit and accessible, so that the clean, professional atmosphere and competitive cost will entice consumers. 5. Layout design. Layout is well designed and supports overall company’s focus on fast and quality service. A comfortable lounge area should be conveniently located within the building, perhaps with fresh coffee and magazines will allow the customer to relax while his or her car is serviced. . Human resources and job design. Company seems to utilize well its human resources. While service representatives are taking orders and working with the next customer, the team of three technicians is doing necessary maintenance on the car of the previous customer. This way, the higher-skilled technicians are able to focus on the more skilled task, while a lower-paid representative takes care of the more menial tasks. Thus, by effectively using human resources the company reduces labor cost which is generally the most expensive part of service cost. That allows Minit-Lube to provide better quality service to the customer for the lowest possible cost. 7. Supply-chain management. Minit-Lube needs to create trustful long-lasting relationships with its suppliers. That strategy will allow Mini-Lube to negotiate better prices as well as a regular delivery schedule in order to reduce purchasing, ordering, carrying and stockout costs. 8. Inventory. Inventory purchasing and storing decision is in a correlation with supply-chain management decision. If supply-chain management is effective, inventory management can be done on the lowest possible cost. By tracking past sales history, Minit-Lube will be able to effectively forecast when and how much stock is needed. For example, if the peak sales day of the week is Saturday, inventory delivery can occur every Thursday so that stock is ready for the weekend. If stock were to unexpectedly run out, it would occur during a less critical time. 9. Scheduling. Company has to determine number of employees it needs to provide necessary service in different periods, so there is always enough workers during the peak periods and not too many in slow time. There are various classes of employees, lower-skilled customer service representatives who greet the customer and perform fluid checks, as well as higher-skilled service personnel. Tracking the length of time it takes each team member to perform his or her task will allow for a greater degree of accuracy in scheduling. 10. Maintenance. Since the service is in its maturity stage the process has to be highly stable, so maintenance is very important for the entire operation process. See Tom’s solution

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

The Process of Making Leather free essay sample

Unfortunately, in China, there are no welfare laws which can prevent slaughter houses from treating the animals inhumanly. Furthermore, â€Å" In India, a PETA investigation found workers break cows tails and rub chili pepers and tobacco into their eyes in order to force them to get up and walk after they have collapsed. † You would think the United States treats animals better due to the laws created to protect the animals, unfortunately, the United States treats animals just as bad as other counties. In 1960, the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act was passed in order to pr

Sunday, November 24, 2019

White Paper Essays

White Paper Essays White Paper Essay White Paper Essay Seem l: Internet and Web Technologies Rules: Case study and white paper both should be submitted in soft copy format. Any one case study topic and one white paper topic can be selected from the list given below. Expected format for both: Title page including names, division (A/B), PRNG numbers and photographs of the students Table of contents Actual material Summary References Abbreviations if any If the format is not maintained or any of the above details are omitted, 25% marks would be deducted. Length of the case study/white paper is not important. Originality and sincere efforts are more important. Groups of two students each can do this. All referenced material needs to be acknowledged. If the submission is copy-pasted from other sources, no marks would be given. Copying each others case study/white paper would also result into zero marks for both groups (copying group as well as original group). Last date for submission would be Saturday, 21 September. The CRY can email me a single zip file or give the submissions on a CD. Submissions made after this deadline would result into zero marks. Viva would be conducted on this later. Case Study Impact of digital media on the reading habits of people Comparison of various e-book readers in detail Social networking: Is it a fad? Does social networking really help in making democracy stronger? Piracy and the Internet Digital music and copyrights Comparison of various FTP servers available in the market The future of Internet standards What is new in Internet protocols Video streaming technologies

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Final Constitution Project--the Country Of Houstatlantavegas Assignment

Final Constitution Project--the Country Of Houstatlantavegas - Assignment Example A Senate term will be four years while that of the house of representative is two years with both parties having unlimited number of terms they can serve. Both the president and the vice president shall be voted in by the citizens through free and secret ballot. The president will later nominate the cabinet and the Supreme Court justices who are eventually approved by the Senate. One shall have to attain the age of twenty -five years and been living in the country for at least seven years (Ritchie, 2006). If a vacancy in the elective posts occurs, the executive in charge shall issue a notice within sixty days. If it happens to be the president, the vice president shall automatically be the President for the remaining period. A runoff election occurs in the case of tied votes for any level of elective post. The president shall be required to get twenty-five percent of the total votes in twenty-seven states. Any candidate who proved to have violated the election regulations shall automatically not participate, and one can cease to hold an office through a vote of no confidence by three-thirds of the house (Ritchie,

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Research paper Critique Of Human Resource Managment Essay

Research paper Critique Of Human Resource Managment - Essay Example Secondly, is the complete documentation of data and methodology, which could be made available to other researchers upon request, thus enabling others the opportunity to test the viability of research results, critique a research or establish statistical measures of reliability of the research results (Polit et al, 2001; Bozinovski, 1995). Research in the field of International Human Resources Management is intended to expand what is known in the practice of Human Resources (HR), empower the professional HR manager to capably foresee and manage the complex and constantly changing challenges facing the human resources management, as this is paramount for the continuous relevance of human resources management as a tool for achieving the developmental and market competitive goals of firms and companies, in the emerging global market (Parahoo, 1997). Critiquing a research work, therefore, involves a caref... The purpose of this paper is to critically analyse a chosen piece of human resources management research report titled 'The Impact Of Human Resource Management Practices On The Implementation Of Total Quality Management: An Empirical Study On High-Tech Firms' a recent paper presented earlier this year by Ching-Chow Yang (2006) and published in the TQM Magazine Vol. 18 No. 2, pp. 162-173. Generally, the research paper looks into what relationship exists, if any, between Human Resources practices and the implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM). This is reportedly, due to the high failure rate in the implementation of TQM despite its perceived numerous benefits in generating improved quality and efficiency, increasing customer satisfaction and market competitiveness. The researcher argue that, although, this high failure rate of TQM implementation has been attributed to the fact that companies and firms place little importance on human resources management, as it affects TQM, little or no empirical research efforts exists to back up this argument. This has therefore given rise to the necessity of the research at hand. Objectively evaluated, this appears to be a reasonable premise upon which the research effort is based, thus enhancing the utility of such a research results for the implementation of TQM and improvements of human resources practices. As suggested by Stevens et al. (1993), this research therefore fulfils the requirement of adding to knowledge and expanding what is already known in the field of enquiry. Research Structure Quoting Confucius, Farh et al. (2005) stated that "a mechanic who wishes to do his work well must first sharpen his tools." They explained that when conducting high quality empirical

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Racism in South Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Racism in South Africa - Essay Example In South Africa for instance, Apartheid, a racist system was introduced in the 1940s by the Nationalist Party (ICFTU, 1984). These comprised of a 4.5 million minority that ruled over 21.5 majority Blacks. They propelled the racist dominance through the establishment of untrammeled system of abnormal powers that affected every other aspect of life. Symbolically Apartheid was inclined towards separation, exploitation and domination of the Whites over the preconceived inferior Blacks. Apartheid defined individuals in any social setup by racial segregation and the formal designation of individuals basing on color. The oppression was however exercised in myriad ways: disenfranchising all, impoverishing most, relegating them to Bantu education and thus permanent economic inferiority, expelling millions from ancestral land, imprisoning hundreds of thousands, and killing many. The machinery of apartheid was supported by laws, which were passed by a sovereign parliament which had the power to pass any law it wished, however oppressive, the courts were powerless to challenge them except on narrow interpretation or administrative law grounds. In short, the legal system was doctored to suit the interest of racism. Race conceptualised as a constraining and external characteristic. According to Durkheim concept of social facts racism could be portrayed as a conditional external repressive system. Created by a minority of individuals in a society and racially imposed upon a majority of the society against their will. The evil that Jim Crow's system exercised upon the Afrikaans was subversive, barbaric and unwelcome and acted contrary to the free will. Practical constrains of racism are evident when segregation soared greater heights that determined of where people lived, whom they could marry, where their children went to school, what they were taught, whether they could be in a particular area (cities especially) without a pass, what swimming pool, library and restaurant they could use, and, of course, whether they could vote. Less formally, the situation was even worse: police brutality was legendary, civil rights in daily life virtually nonexistent, wage differentials immense, and women's household labor virtually domestic slavery (Marcuse, 1995). Consequently the fact that Apartheid was enforced in foreign languange implied that Africans had to be familiar with the same language in order to enhance their aggression and agitate for their basic human rights with one voice. The social fact of language certainly meant that it was difficult, to do otherwise. In broader aspect this could be seen as a constrain that limited the freedom of action to enhance a collective mass psychology to demand and to bring about changes. This constrain behavior imposed upon individuals against there will limited their inalienable rights to free will hence unable to make decisions. And also it was impossible to resist the dominant way of doing things because to change it would require widespread co-operation. This had detrimental effects upon their social well-being. How race has been used to maintain law & order in society. In South Africa ethnic or regional "intrawhite"

Friday, November 15, 2019

Management of Geriatric Health Facilities

Management of Geriatric Health Facilities Nirpreet Kaur Brar ABSTRACT The main purpose of the report is to tell about the different organisation’s services provided to elderly and how they can bring more improvements in their services. It also describes how to minimize the stigma impacts on individuals and their family. In this report the problems among elderly are described and the management of those problems is also described in the report. The report was descriptive in nature. The data was analysed and interpreted. INTRODUCTION In the field of healthcare, support planning for geriatric clients and family is packed with excitement, challenges, obstacles, confusions or frustrations, but all these are combined with the sense of purpose and commitment. Geriatric care management is the process in which planning and coordinating care of the elderly is done to meet the long term care needs of the elders, improving the quality of life of the elderly and maintaining the independence of the old people for a long time. It makes a part to work with persons of old age and their families to manage, render and refer various types of health and social care services. The common medical conditions which affect elderly are diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dementia etcetera. TASK-1 Identify and critically analyse the kind of support and access to community support services Kindly residential care rest home. Select at least five different organisations and explain how their services assist the elderly with common geriatric health conditions. Answer: -1) The Parkinsonism society of New Zealand (Parkinson’s New Zealand):- This society is for the old people who are affected by Parkinson’s. It provides support not just to the individuals with Parkinson’s but to their friends and families also. There is a list below for the carer to consider for providing care to the old persons:- Sufficient information about the need of the person you are supporting. Should have a diary to keep and record the symptoms and difficulties of the person you are caring. Should ask the Parkinson’s community educator about the financial benefits of the old person. Consider about the feelings and what you are doing. Should contact with other carers. It is the key to provide invaluable mutual support, ideas, information and friendship. Should promote independence for the person you are caring for. 2) Alzheimer’s New Zealand: The Alzheimer’s services are available to everyone who has dementia. The groups of this society are free and available in variety of locations such as North, south, east and west. The workers provide a comprehensive range of help and support of dementia which includes:- Telephone consultation and advice Home visits Family groups and individual consultations Excellent information resources Home based dementia support provides:- One to one socialisation for the person with dementia either in home or by the outings etcetera The staff runs weekly activity groups for people with dementia’s early stage for providing appropriate socialisation and stimulation. The Alzheimer’s New Zealand is strategic framework which is demanding and based on future for the national dementia community which provides the direction which in turns required for us to know how to meet the challenge of dementia at present or in the future. In New Zealand dementia is one of the most significant and growing challenge of the health care. There is a framework which challenges all of the organisations in the dementia community. 3) Arthritis New Zealand: Arthritis New Zealand is not-for-profit organisation which aims at enabling a better quality of life to the people which are affected by arthritis? It works in the areas of education, direct support and public awareness etcetera. It is one of the New Zealand’s leading charities which represent the interest of 530,000 people which are living with this painful disease. It aims at enabling a better quality of life for the people having arthritis. The generous community and their contribution help it. It costs $5.6 million annually to provide essential services. The 12% of this cost is provided by the government to the organisation. The rest of the cost has to find from elsewhere. For example through fundraising activities like lotteries and Annual Appeals. The net income which is raised through these fundraising activities is spent throughout 21 arthritis centres. 4) Osteoporosis New Zealand:-Osteoporosis New Zealand is a national organisation which aims at reducing the incidence of osteoporosis in New Zealand. It was formed for the aim of raising awareness and knowledge of osteoporosis and for providing a national voice for people with osteoporosis and for those who are at risk. The main objective of this society is to:- Improve bone health for all New Zealanders. Develop a culture in New Zealand for valuing bone health for life. Osteoporosis New Zealand is dedicated to improve bone health for all New Zealanders at all stages of life. This is done by scientific evidence based decision making through the development of management recommendations and position statements by providing advice, educational material and information for the public and advocating for better access to diagnosis and medication for osteoporosis. 5) Glaucoma New Zealand: Glaucoma New Zealand is a charitable interest which aims at eliminating blindness from glaucoma. It is number one preventable cause in New Zealand. Glaucoma aims at:- Enhancing public awareness regarding glaucoma Supporting and informing people with glaucoma Educating eye health workers for ensuring high quality services. Facilitate research into glaucoma. The key massage of glaucoma New Zealand is that the early detection of glaucoma is vital to prevent blindness which means an eye examination every five years from the age of 45 and every three years from the age of sixty. However at any age any changes noticed in eyesight then eye examination is necessary at that time. It is really important for the people to know that if glaucoma runs in their family the risk increases among every member substantially. At the age of 60 there are more chances of getting glaucoma or short sighted, if anybody used to consume drugs in past or present or have eye injury. Glaucoma activities include:- To aid early detection of glaucoma annual public awareness campaigns are established For educating the people and those with the interest of glaucoma regular public meetings are conducted for helping them to understand about the disease condition and treatment of that disease A glaucoma membership information package Eyesight publication- a regular newsletter sent free Support and inform people with glaucoma Participating in education of health professionals involved in glaucoma care Supporting research into glaucoma In information and education of glaucoma following things are done:- Presentation at public meetings around the country Free information packs for people who are registered Advisory service Fact sheets for distribution by ophthalmologists and optometrists Quarterly newsletter:eyelights b) Select at least six of the following type of services provision and explain how these assist the elderly with common geriatric health condition Hospitals: A hospital provides emergency medical care; intensive treatment; diagnostic testing and it may or may not require admission. The elder people use hospitals more than the younger people. The geriatric interdisciplinary team identifies and meet the complex needs of the old patients and watch for and prevent common problems among the old people. This team aim to ensure the following:- The patient can move easily from one care setting to another care setting The care is not duplicated 2) Residential care: Private companies and not-for-profit organisation provides the residential care in New Zealand. In most of the cases care cost of the individual is subsidised by the government funding which is known as residential care subsidy. Residential care divided into four levels: rest home care long term care hospital, dementia care and psycho geriatric care. Some of the homes provide all levels of care but some do not. 3) Psychiatric services: It is a time limited service which provides assessment, treatment, and management rehabilitation and consultation advice for old people who have functional or organic health conditions. The services are delivered in holistic way that acknowledges and takes account of the client’s cultural, social and spiritual needs as well as their disability and health needs. The service is provided in one of the following locations:- Dedicated mental health service for old people Acute adult mental health ward Assessment and treatment beds in private hospitals Clinics including outreach to rural and remote areas 4) Dementia advisors: Dementia advisors provide following services:- Education and training for people with dementia and their families. Workforce training and education Readily accessible services Governance Culturally appropriate services Funding streams Monitoring and evaluation Advocacy 5) Nursing homes: These are to maximize the physical functioning minimize or prevent the decline in daily living activity and plan for transitions of care. The care strategies include: Maintaining daily routines of individuals. Educate older adults, family and formal caregivers on the value of independent functioning and the consequences of functional decline. Minimize bed rest 6) Sheltered housing: The New Zealand population is ageing. But within the older population older age groups are increasing rapidly which results in increasing of life expectancy, which is higher for women as compared to men due to which women will experience more years with the disability at the end of the life. These factors combine to underline the vulnerability of older women and to suggest that their needs be given a high profile in the planning and designing for housing for older people. TASK-2 QUESTION- Kindly residential care rest home management would like you to prepare an outline of a booklet that they could have printed and use as part of the educational material supplied to stakeholders within the organisation which include staff, individual clients and family members. Management have identified the following stigma impacts: Social isolation of the individual and their family Answer: People living alone have few social connections and the nature of the dementia can make it hard for them to maintain social contacts. It can be defined as the absence of social interactions, contacts and relationships with family and friends. It is considered as a risk factor in disease development and in the existing disease disability. It is included as well as in the measure of quality of life and thus it is an outcome and also risk factor. Social isolation consideration almost always occurs in the context of social support and the two in most cases are used interchangeably. Both concepts are defined inexactly over the past few decades. A new study has shown that being socially isolated can have a greater effect on risk of early death especially among the elderly. In addition feeling of loneliness reported by the participants often linked with isolation was not significantly linked with death risks. Assumption of automatic loss of independence:- Answer: One may feel that by asking others for help, you will lose your sense of self or become dependent. The policies which are designed to meet the challenges of old population should be based on understandings of process of disability in old age. Unable to make decisions about own care:- Answer: Patients have the right to participate in decisions about their care, e.g., diagnostic and treatment interventions, diet, ambulation, daily care, and end-of-life care. Consent to diagnostic and treatment interventions requires that the patient demonstrate their ability to consider the benefits, burdens and risks of the decision. Whether or not an individual has the capacity to understand, make a decision and take responsibility for the consequences of the decision is a clinical determination; it is not a question of legal competence. Persons with mild-to-moderate dementia can have the capacity to make some, but not all, decisions. They may be able to participate in decision making but impaired memory recall might preclude their ability to demonstrate that they understand the treatment options. Dissatisfying interactions with the medical community Answer: One of the barrier that put the person with dementia in serious conditions by approving and complying to medical management. Many researchers stress the clinical and theoretical importance of effective communication in medical encounters Both empirical data and clinical experience suggest that there are important ways that physicians can maintain and enhance the health and well-being of patients, as well as family caregivers, by fostering mutuality through a triadic relationship Geriatric patients usually have a complex array of interacting biomedical, psychosocial, and functional disabilities .Caregivers play a substantial role in assisting patients in daily activities .In addition to the physical disabilities associated with age related co-morbidities, many older patients have cognitive impairment that compromises their ability to exercise judgment and report symptoms and experiences. Caregivers have knowledge of the patients physical, social, cognitive, and financial well-being, and bring this information to the medical encounter. This factor necessitates that physicians extend their learning possibilities and information-giving practices to caregivers. Research on geriatric encounters typically focuses on the many problems that exist between doctors and their geriatric patients, especially difficulties of patient communication .Other studies call attention to problems with the elderly persons capacity for self-care. Wait kin (1991) notes that some of the most interesting and important features of research on geriatric medical encounters involve concerns about matters that appear marginal or peripheral to the technical goals of clinical medicine. He found that elderly patients personal troubles included social isolation, financial insecurity, loss of community and material possessions, death of family members, and retirement from work. Physicians often responded to such social psychological problems by cutting off any discussion about social context and reemphasizing technical matters. At best, the current literature only implicitly addresses the pivotal role caregivers play in this relationship. Uncertainty of support and treatments:- In 2010/11 a wide range of health professionals, service providers and consumers were engaged in a process to develop a new way to deliver good quality, safe and sustainable services to meet the needs of the increasing number of older people in Hawke’s Bay. The model outlined in this document was been developed in line with the key principles of the government’s Better, Sooner, More Convenient and initiative. Evidence of what really makes a difference in the lives of older people was drawn upon, along with evidence of what has worked to reduce the pressure on hospitals both in New Zealand and overseas. Many older people especially those who are intensive users of health and support services have long term health conditions and support needs that require ongoing monitoring and follow-up. The model of care described here has been developed as a generic model which has the potential to be applied to other client groups with long term needs. Report prepared by Andrea Joplin, Project ManagerKey developments outlined in this paper includes: The establishment of an Older Person’s Health Service within Hawke’s Bay DHB. The closer alignment of the over 65s team at Options Hawke’s Bay with the DHB’s Older Person’s Health Services. The establishment of interdisciplinary Care Clusters aligned to General Practice groups to include a Care Manager, Allied Health and District Nursing. Piecemeal changes to older people’s services are unlikely to make significant gains in the quality of life for our clients or achieve clinical and financial sustainability. The development of Care Manager Roles to undertake comprehensive assessment, care planning and service coordination for older patients with very complex needs. The development of Community Geriatrician resources. The resourcing of intermediate care services in community settings. The development of restorative home-based support services. The Steering Group recognised at the outset of the planning process that piecemeal changes to older people’s services were unlikely to make significant gains in the quality of life for our clients or achieve clinical and financial sustainability. As such the developments discussed in this paper are not insignificant. However, changes will be made in an evolutionary, rather than revolutionary manner and the model may take several years to fully implement. Changes will need to be carefully planned and implemented in stages, as finances and other resources allow. There is a window of opportunity to begin service developments before the increase in the number of adults aged over 85 years begins in earnest in 2013-2014. It will be possible to redirect existing resources to fund some of the new services in 2011/12, but there will also be a need for further investment in coming years as the proportion of older people in the Hawke’s Bay population grows. RECOMMENDATIONS There should be regular monitoring of the services to maintain good performance and to assess the areas of improvements. Planning should be made to provide good services and then that planning should be implemented in a better way. Sufficient staff should be there in every organisation to support and treat the old people. Good management for everything is very necessary. Conclusion The group believed that utmost management of geriatric health facilities is as important to the safety of the patient, the value given to staff, and the profit of the institution. The staff’s safety is also as much important as the patient’s safety. If staff will be good then only he /she can take care of his residences. REFRENCES Alzheimer’s New Zealand (1982) Retrieved from http://alzheimers.org.nz/ Hospital care and elderly (2013) Retrieved from http://merckmanuals.com/geriatrics/elderly/hospital_care_and_the_elderly Mental health services for old people (2014) Retrieved from http://otago.ac.nz/christchurch/otago014051 Social isolation among older individuals (1992) Retrieved from http://nap.edu/openbook.php Loss and recovery of independence among seniors (July 2002) Retrieved from http://odesi1.scholarsportal.info/documentation/PHIRN/NSAI/6316-eng

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Professional Products Essay

Case Study 1 1. How does Accenture People site help Accenture better serve its customers? a. It helps in the sense that it makes the other people who are working in other countries to help with getting information easier. They are able to share information easily of different projects and are able to communicate directly rather than waiting. This will help consumers with their output and they will receive things on time or even early. 2. How successful do you think Accenture will be at getting its employees to create their profiles? b. I think Accenture will be very successful in getting their employees to create their profiles. This social network will be an easy use for all employees and will play a major role in communication between all the employees in all the different countries. 3. Can you see any drawbacks related to employees creating their own profiles? c. One drawback that I see with employees creating profiles is lack of time. They will spend a lot of time just like people spend on Facebook and that can take time away from doing important things. This can delay production and projects. Case Study 2 1. How would you describe Professional Products’ growth strategy? a. I think that there strategy is very good. They hire enough people to get the job done and don’t have to deal with the hardship of laying people off. They work enough so they don’t overwork their employees. 2. Why would Professional Products’ commit to no layoffs in its expansion? Is this a positive move, or could it be detrimental to the company? b. Because if the company is expanding in other countries then there needs to be workers that can look after the work of those workers and make sure the work is being done right. It will not be detrimental to the company because if they layoff employees and they are loaded with more work then they will let go of experienced employees which can be harmful to them 3. In addition to training employees for other jobs, what other HR strategies might the firm employ to maintain its relationship with its domestic employees? c. They might try and send trained employees from the U.S.A. to the other countries; outsource them and work with them to make domestic employees more comfortable at what they do and need to be doing. They can also try holding annual meetings at a center location and doing focus groups in order for all the employees around the world communicate with one another and learn everything together.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Humanity Definition Essay

Many have debates on whether humans are naturally humane or if they become more or less because of their society and vice versa. In other words, people are a function of their society. Human beings tend to group themselves in to multiple groups with various likes and differences. These groups can affect society and society can have an impact on these groups. Therefore, society can affect certain groups over time. As societies evolve, they are subjected to social changes which include factors that may or may not affect the species. For example, the external factors of society (including war, immigration, natural disasters and technology), seize of human population, and governments are key elements that cause social changes that are relevant to cause changes in humanity over time. Science for All American Online states that, â€Å"The condition of one generation limit and shape the range of possibilities open to the next. On the one hand, each new generation learns the society’ cultural forms and thus does not have to reinvent strategies for producing food, handling conflict, educating people, governing, and so forth. It also learns aspirations for how society can be maintained and improved. On the other hand tensions way lead to war, wide-scale drug abuse, poverty and deprivation, racism. And a multitude of private group advances† (â€Å"Chapter†). In this quote, it describes how certain social changes change society and the groups that form society. Therefore, people are more or less because of society and there is no such this as human nature. Many socialists suggest, â€Å"Human beings are so great that there is no such thing as human nature – that we are simply a reflection of social surroundings with no inherit behavior, no core or ‘essence’ or special qualities that makes us human†¦if we can somehow perfect our social surroundings, we can perfect the human beings† (Le Blanc). In this quotation, it explains how some believe there is not human nature and that people are products of their social surroundings. Societies afflict social changes which may or may not affect the species of human beings. Social changes can afflict, any social conflicts which demands society to regulate the conflict in order to avoid competition between groups. When society undergoes changes for the good or bad, conflict can evolve. This may cause groups in society or fight, argue and get in disputes. The people can face internal conflict or external conflict in their groups of interest. Science for All Americans Online describes, â€Å"There is social conflict between all human societies†¦Conflict between people or groups often arise from competition for resources power, and status. Family members fight for attention. Individuals fight to compete for jobs and wealth. Nations compete for territory and prestige. Different interest groups compete for influence and the power to make rules. Often the competition is not for resources but for ideas – one person or group wants to have ideas or behavior of another group suppressed, punished, or declared illegal† (â€Å"Chapter†). The source that provided this quote describes house the conflict in society arises from the demand for ideas; not from resources. The groups that argue and cause disputes change society and change themselves out of these disputes. The ideas that come out of these arguments may cause change in many things. Paul Le Blanc explains â€Å"There would be opportunity for a much higher level of individual satisfaction with life; conflict and violence would be reduced is alternative social moans would negate the currently felt need for self-help would readily be accessible; and in any case there would be a greater degree of equality and a greater sense of security in the social system† (Le Blanc). To achieve what the quote explains, society would have to change. Therefore the people in society that have been affected would also change. The selflessness, struggle, and abuse would all change. All of the bitter dynamics of social struggle that demonstrate our nature would seek change. The social conflict that evolves in society demands that people fix the conflict, in order to avoid the competition of the social gro ups with similar interests. Throughout human beings’ life society impacts your life in many ways. People are a product of society and social groups that evolve overtime and there is no such this as human nature. Social changes can afflict conflict which demands competition and change in society and as society’s progress, they face social changes. Society changes social groups over time. Works Cited â€Å"Chapter 7: Human Society.† Science For All Americans Online. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1990. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. http://www.project2061,org/publications/sfaa/online/chap7.htm. Le Blanc, Paul. â€Å"Human Nature.† Human Nature and How it Changes. Vol.i, No.2.Web. 21Oct. 2012. http://www.laborstandard.org/Vol1No2/Human_Nature.htm.

Friday, November 8, 2019

The Whitlam Dismissal 1975

The Whitlam Dismissal 1975 The dismissal of the Whitlam Government on November 11th in 1975 remains to this day one of the most dramatic political events in Australian history. 'The Dismissal' is a term that has come into general use since 1975, to describe the termination of the elected Whitlam Labor Government by the then Governor-General, Sir John Kerr. The event came as the culmination of one of the most tension-filled years in Australian political history. The Whitlam Government, elected in 1972 after 23 years of Liberal rule, was dealing with an economic downturn and facing considerable criticism following a number of scandals. Its ability to govern was also destabilised by the fact that it lacked a clear majority in the Senate. The Whitlam Government suffered a block in supply in 1974 and was re-elected after the resulting double dissolution. The Opposition then blocked supply again in 1975 but the Whitlam Government refused to advise a double dissolution or resign.Gough WhitlamGovernor-General Sir John Kerr dismissed the Whitlam Government and forced them to an election. Kerr installed Fraser as caretaker Prime Minister and called for a full election of both Houses of Parliament on December 13. The events of 1975 caused enormous controversy at the time and there is still bitter dispute about the political and moral correctness of the decisions that were made.Labor Prime Minister Gough Whitlam's first 100 days in office in 1972 saw more radical changes than would be seen in almost 100 years of previous Governments. The Whitlam government ended conscription and ordered the last Australian troops home from Vietnam. It made several radical movements such bringing in legislation giving equal pay to women, establishing a national health service free to all, doubling spending on education and abolishing university fees, increasing wages, pensions and unemployment benefits, ending censorship and replacing...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Real Estate Law Terminology in Cyprus essayEssay Writing Service

Real Estate Law Terminology in Cyprus essayEssay Writing Service Real Estate Law Terminology in Cyprus essay Real Estate Law Terminology in Cyprus essayThe ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ³ÃŽ ¿Ã ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¾ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ± (market value) of the Cyprus real estate property market is growing. The market value is the price at which the real estate property in Cyprus is traded in a competitive environment. Companies operating in the industry have to obtain the ÃŽ ¬ÃŽ ´ÃŽ µÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ®Ãâ€š (building permit) which is the legal permission to construct buildings and ÃŽ ¬ÃŽ ´ÃŽ µÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ±Ãâ€¡Ãâ€°Ã ÃŽ ¹ÃÆ'ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ¿Ã  (division permit) which is the building permit that allows reconstruction or change of existing buildings. Constructing companies or owners of buildings can obtain the division permit, unless the building is ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ­ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ·Ãâ€žÃŽ ¿ (indivisible), i.e. unless the building cannot be changed because it is the part of historical heritage, for example. Buildings and other facilities comprise ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ºÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ·Ãâ€žÃŽ ·ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ºÃâ€žÃŽ ·Ã Æ'ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ± (immovable property) which are solid buildings that cannot be removed or deconstructed.At the same time, owners of the real estate property should be aware of ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ³ÃŽ ºÃŽ ±ÃÆ'Ï„Î ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ®ÃŽ ±Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ ±ÃŽ »ÃŽ »ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€žÃ ÃŽ ¯Ãâ€°ÃÆ'ÃŽ · (compulsory acquisition) that means the right of the government to own the property from private owners under certain conditions, such as construction projects of the national scale or historical value of the land, where property is locate. The government may also use ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ³ÃŽ ºÃŽ ±ÃÆ'Ï„Î ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ®ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ®(compulsory partition) which is the obligatory government acquisition of a part of the real estate property under certain conditions, such as war, historical heritage, national projects, or other reasons. In such a situation, real estate property owners have to accept the ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ³ÃŽ ºÃŽ ±ÃÆ'Ï„Î ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ®Ãâ‚¬ÃÅ½ÃŽ »ÃŽ ·ÃÆ'ÃŽ · (compulsory sale) which is the obligatory sa le of the property, as a rule to the government. The compulsory sale is used to compensate the loss of property for private owners. In addition, there is a possibility of ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ³ÃŽ ºÃŽ ±ÃÆ'Ï„Î ¹ÃŽ ºÃÅ'Ï‚Î ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ±Ãâ€¡Ãâ€°Ã ÃŽ ¹ÃÆ'ÃŽ ¼ÃÅ'Ï‚ (compulsory division) when the real estate property undergoing the compulsory acquisition undergoes restructuring with the preservation of a part of the property for private owners and a part of the state. At this point, the definition of the price of the real estate is very important. The price may be established in terms of ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ±ÃÆ'ÃŽ ¼ÃÅ'Ï‚ (consolidation), when the price is determined as the period of indecision ends with a price of the real estate property breaks beyond the restrictive barrier. However, sellers and buyers may confront the risk of ÃŽ ±Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ³ÃÅ'Ï ÃŽ µÃâ€¦ÃÆ'ÃŽ · (prohibition), which is the legal ban of sale of real estate property. If there is no prohibition, the real estate property may undergo ÃŽ ±Ãâ‚¬ÃÅ'ÃŽ ºÃâ€žÃŽ ·ÃÆ'ÃŽ · (acquisition), when the real estate property is purchased by a buyer from a seller. After the acquisition, the new owner can have ÃŽ ±Ãâ‚¬ÃÅ'ÃŽ »ÃŽ ±Ãâ€¦ÃÆ'ÃŽ ·(enjoyment), which is the benefit obtained from the real estate property. There are the following types of types of real estates and respective benefits owners canreceive: ÃŽ ±Ã ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¶ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ¹Ã ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ­ (arazimerie), ÃŽ ±Ã ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¶ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ µÃŽ ²ÃŽ ¬Ãâ€ž(arazimevat), ÃŽ ±Ã ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¶ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ µÃŽ ²ÃŽ ºÃŽ ¿Ãâ€¦Ãâ€ ÃŽ ­(arazimevkoufe), ÃŽ ±Ã ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¶ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ µÃŽ ¼ÃŽ »ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€¦ÃŽ ºÃŽ ­ (arazimemlouke).At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that ÃŽ ±Ã Ãâ€¡ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¹ÃÅ'Ï„Î ·Ãâ€žÃŽ µÃâ€š (antiquities), which are historical items belonging to ancient epoch, are not sold in terms of real estate. The ÃŽ ±ÃŽ »ÃŽ »ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ±Ãâ‚¬ÃÅ'Ï‚ (alien) is the property that may be estranged from its owners under existing legal norms. ÃŽ ² ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ºÃŽ ¿Ã Ãâ€ ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ·Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ µÃ ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€¦ÃÆ'ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ± (vakf property) is the form of property in Cyprus, which implies the unconditional and permanent dedication of property with implied detention of the property in the ownership of God. The property and benefits from it can be extinguished from the owner and applied for the benefit of mankind, unless prohibited by Islam.The ÃŽ ³ÃŽ · (land) is the physical area defining the location of the real estate property is subject to sale. ÃŽ ³ÃŽ µÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ®ÃŽ µÃŽ ³ÃŽ ³Ã ÃŽ ±Ãâ€ ÃŽ ®(general registration) is essential for the real estate property in Cyprus after the construction or acquisition. After the acquisition, the new property owner should send the ÃŽ ³ÃŽ ½Ãâ€°ÃÆ'Ï„Î ¿Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ·ÃÆ'ÃŽ ·ÃŽ ±Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ ±ÃŽ »ÃŽ »ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€žÃ ÃŽ ¯Ãâ€°ÃÆ'ÃŽ ·Ãâ€š (notice of acquisition), which is the legal form of informing the authorities about the purchase of the property.The ÃŽ ´ÃŽ µÃÆ'ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ µÃâ€¦Ãâ€žÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ®Ã Ãâ€¦ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€žÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ± (road widening scheme), for example, may be essential for the safety of the local transportation system that will involve compulsory partition or acquisition to buy out the real estate property in Cyprus. Another example of such purchase of real estate property is the construction of ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ·ÃŽ ¼ÃÅ'ÏÆ'ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š ÃŽ ´Ã ÃÅ'ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š (public road) which naturally involves the deconstruction of some buildings including real estate property of private owners.Nevertheless, ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ­ÃÆ'ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ·ÃÆ'Ï…Î ¼Ãâ€ ÃŽ µÃ ÃÅ'ÃŽ ½Ãâ€žÃâ€°ÃŽ ½ (bundle of rights) has to be respected that means that all stakeholders should respect the property and related rights of property owners. In this regard, one of the main stakeholders’ rights is the right to ÃŽ ´ÃŽ µÃÆ'Ï€ÏÅ'ÃŽ ¶ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ºÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ·Ãâ€žÃŽ ¿ (dominant tenement), which is the right to have the property, where the individual resides and which is the main property, wh ere the property owner is registered.   Furthermore, ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ºÃŽ ±Ãâ€žÃŽ ¿Ãâ€¡ÃŽ ® (tenure) comprises the core subject to legal issues associated with the ownership and transition of rights of real estate property because tenure is the residence that is in one’s possession.The property may be purchased not only in terms of compulsory sale but also by means of ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ·ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ¿Ãâ‚¬Ã ÃŽ ±ÃÆ'ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ± (auction), which is the public trading of the real estate property, where the buyer offering the highest bid purchases the real estate property. In fact, the real estate property at the ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ¬ÃŽ ¸ÃŽ µÃÆ'ÃŽ ·(disposal), i.e. legal ownership or the right to manage and trade the property, can be traded in any way, either through contract with buyers or through auctions. The ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ¬Ãâ€žÃŽ ±ÃŽ ³ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ±Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ ±ÃŽ »ÃŽ »ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€žÃ ÃŽ ¯Ãâ€°ÃÆ'ÃŽ ·Ãâ€š (order of acquisition) is another step in the purchase of the property which involves steps leading toward t he full or partial ownership of the real estate property. The rights to real estate property may be also transited to heirs of the real estate property after his/her death by ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ±Ãâ€¡ÃŽ µÃŽ ¹Ã ÃŽ ¹ÃÆ'Ï„Î ®Ãâ€šÃŽ ±Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ¸ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ½ÃÅ'ÃŽ ½Ãâ€žÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š (administrator of a deceased). The administrator of the deceased may be replaced by or perform the role of the ÃŽ µÃŽ ºÃâ€žÃŽ µÃŽ »ÃŽ µÃÆ'Ï„Î ®Ãâ€šÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¸ÃŽ ®ÃŽ ºÃŽ ·Ãâ€š (executor of will), who acts according to the will of the deceased person.  The ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ¬Ãâ€žÃŽ ±ÃŽ ³ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ±ÃŽ µÃâ‚¬ÃŽ ¯ÃÆ'χÎ µÃÆ'ÃŽ ·Ãâ€š (Retention Order) determines how the real estate property remains in the ownership of the property holder. The ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ±Ãâ€¡ÃŽ µÃŽ ¹Ã ÃŽ ¹ÃÆ'Ï„Î ®Ãâ€š (administrator) can manage the property at the stage of the transfer of the property from a ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ¿Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ ¬Ã ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€¡ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š (transferor), who is the current owner of the property to the ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ´ÃÅ'χÎ ¿Ãâ€š (transferee), who is the future owner of the property. The ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¯Ãâ€°ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ± (right) to real estate property becomes intact as soon as a buyer and seller or a transferor and transferee sign a contract. The ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¯Ãâ€°ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃÅ'ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€¦(right of way)= ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¯Ãâ€°ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ¬ÃŽ ²ÃŽ ±ÃÆ'ÃŽ ·Ãâ€š (right of passage) provides an individual, for example an administrator, with the right to transmit the real estate property to a transferee or buyer.At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that real estate property owners have the ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¯Ãâ€°ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ± ÃŽ µÃâ‚¬ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ±Ã Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ±Ãâ€š (right of usufruct), which is the right to use two property interests of usus and fructus, which are interests of possession and obtaining profits from the property. In addition, real estate owners have the ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¯Ãâ€°ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ± ÃŽ µÃâ‚¬ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ »ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ³ÃŽ ®Ãâ€š à Æ'Ï…Î ³ÃŽ ºÃâ€¦Ã ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€¦ (co-owner’s option), which is the option of mutual possession of property and respective exercising of this right. At the same time, citizens of Cyprus as well as foreigners have the ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¯Ãâ€°ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ºÃŽ ·ÃÆ'ÃŽ ·Ãâ€š (right of habitation), which is the right to reside in real estate property, without having the right of possession of that property. In addition, they have the right of ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€¦ÃŽ »ÃŽ µÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ±(easement), which is the right to enter and use the real estate property without owning it. The easement involves the concept of ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€¦ÃŽ »ÃŽ µÃ ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ºÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ·Ãâ€žÃŽ ¿ (servient tenement), which is the land subject to easement. The owner of the property that is subject to easement is the ÃŽ µÃŽ ³ÃŽ ³ÃŽ µÃŽ ³Ã ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ­ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€šÃŽ ºÃ Ã ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š (registered owner), who possesses the real estate property but may not necessarily live there. The ÃŽ µÃŽ ³ÃŽ ³Ã ÃŽ ±Ãâ€ ÃŽ ® (registration) is the official assignment of the real estate owner to the particular property, where he/she is supposed to reside and which is the address of his/her judicial reference. The ÃŽ µÃŽ ³ÃŽ ³Ã ÃŽ ±Ãâ€ ÃŽ ® ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ±ÃÆ'Ï„Î ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ®Ãâ€š ÃŽ ±Ãâ‚¬ÃÅ'φÎ ±ÃÆ'ÃŽ ·Ãâ€š (memo) regulates relationships and agreement between owners of the property and individuals living there. The memo may regulate relations between ÃŽ µÃŽ ºÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ¹ÃÆ'ÃŽ ¸Ãâ€°Ãâ€žÃŽ ®Ãâ€š (lessor), who gives his/her real estate property to use to individuals, who wanted to reside in the real estate property by means of the ÃŽ µÃŽ ºÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ¯ÃÆ'ÃŽ ¸Ãâ€°ÃÆ'ÃŽ · (lease), which is the agreement between parties that determine owners and residents of the real estate property. Parties signing the memo are ÃŽ µÃŽ ºÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€¡ÃŽ ­ÃŽ ±Ãâ€š (assignees). They should also sign a security agreement that makes them ÃŽ µÃŽ ºÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€¡ÃŽ ­ÃŽ ±Ãâ€šÃŽ µÃŽ ¾ÃŽ ±ÃÆ'φÎ ¬ÃŽ »ÃŽ ¹Ã Æ'ÃŽ ·Ãâ€š(assignee of security), who assigns the agreement as   the resident of the real estate property, and the ÃŽ µÃŽ ºÃâ€¡Ãâ€°Ã ÃŽ ·Ãâ€žÃŽ ®Ãâ€šÃŽ µÃŽ ¾ÃŽ ±ÃÆ'φÎ ¬ÃŽ »ÃŽ ¹ÃÆ'ÃŽ ·Ãâ€š(assignor of security), who is the owner of the real estate property. The individual who initiates the assignment of the agreement is an ÃŽ µÃŽ ºÃâ€¡Ãâ€°Ã ÃŽ ·Ãâ€žÃŽ ®Ãâ€š (assignor). Parties involved in the agreement have to determine the ÃŽ µÃŽ ºÃâ€žÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ·ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ­ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ·ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¾ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ± (assessed value), which comprise the marketing value of the real estate property as assessed by the parties and agreed with both parties. The ÃŽ µÃŽ ºÃâ€¡ÃÅ½Ã ÃŽ ·ÃÆ'ÃŽ ·ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ¯ÃÆ'ÃŽ ¸Ãâ€°ÃÆ'ÃŽ ·Ãâ€š(assignment of a lease) is the agreement between parties involved in the lease relations. Each part has the ÃŽ µÃŽ »ÃŽ µÃâ€¦ÃŽ ¸ÃŽ µÃ ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ±(liberty) either to sign or not to sign the lease agreement. At the same time, the agreement is based on the ÃŽ µÃŽ ¼Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ ¯ÃÆ'Ï„ ÃŽ µÃâ€¦ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ± (trust), which implies that parties involved in the agreement trust each other in terms of the execution of the agreement. The owner and leasor of the property have the right to ÃŽ µÃŽ ¼Ãâ‚¬Ã ÃŽ ¬ÃŽ ³ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ±Ãâ€žÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ²ÃŽ ¬Ã ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š (encumbrance), which is the right to, interest in and legal liability on real estate property that does not prohibit passing title to the property but diminishes its value. The agreement may take into consideration such financial issues as the ÃŽ µÃŽ ¼Ãâ‚¬Ã ÃŽ ¬ÃŽ ³ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ±Ãâ€žÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¯Ãâ€°ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ±(real interest), which is the nominal interest rate minus inflation to secure profits of the property owner.At the moment, Cyprus attempts to balance its real estate property legislation with that of the EU. Cyprus attempts to match European legal norms and coordinate its legal regulations with legal norms and policies introduced by the ΕυÏ Ãâ€°Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ ±ÃÅ ÃŽ ºÃŽ ®ÃŽâ€¢Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ ¹Ãâ€žÃ ÃŽ ¿Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ ® (E uropean Commission), the head body of the executive branch of power in the EU, and the ΕυÏ Ãâ€°Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ ±ÃÅ ÃŽ ºÃÅ'ÃŽÅ¡ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ²ÃŽ ¿Ã ÃŽ »ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ¿(European Parliament), the head body of the legislative branch of power in the EU. The introduction of common rules is essential because of Cyprus’ integration in the EU. The disrespect to EU legal norms may result in lawsuits filed by citizens of Cyprus to the ΕυÏ Ãâ€°Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ ±ÃÅ ÃŽ ºÃÅ'ΔÎ ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ±ÃÆ'ÃŽ ®Ã ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ¿ (European Court), which is the major body of the judicial power of the EU. For the same purposes, Cyprus focuses on the ÃŽ µÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¿Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ·ÃÆ'ÃŽ ·ÃŽ ºÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ® (unification and redistribution), which implies ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ±ÃÆ'ÃŽ ¼ÃÅ'Ï‚ (consolidation) in terms of the implementation of the harmonized rules and norms of Cyprus and the EU.Citizens of Cyprus can purchase the real estate property through mortgages, which are bank loans obtained from banks to purchase the property. The ÃŽ µÃŽ ½Ãâ€¦Ãâ‚¬ÃÅ'ÃŽ ¸ÃŽ ·ÃŽ ºÃŽ ¿Ãâ€šÃŽ ´ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ½ÃŽ µÃŽ ¹ÃÆ'Ï„Î ®Ãâ€š(mortgagee) is a person, who takes the loan to purchase the property, while the ÃŽ µÃŽ ½Ãâ€¦Ãâ‚¬ÃÅ'ÃŽ ¸ÃŽ ·ÃŽ ºÃŽ ¿Ãâ€šÃŽ ¿Ãâ€ ÃŽ µÃŽ ¹ÃŽ »ÃŽ ­Ãâ€žÃŽ ·Ãâ€š(mortgagor) is the bank or another financial institution, which provides the loan to purchase the property. At the same time, citizens of Cyprus should take into consideration the concept of ÃŽ µÃŽ ¾ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¹Ã ÃŽ ­Ãâ€žÃŽ ¿Ãâ€¦ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ µÃ ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ± (undivided share) which comes into action, when one co-owns the property and has his/her undivided share that cannot be taken or bought from him/her without his/her consent. The ÃŽ µÃâ‚¬ÃŽ ¯Ãâ€žÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¾ÃŽ ·ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ºÃâ€žÃŽ ·ÃÆ'ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ±Ãâ€š(requisition) is the request to perform certain legal actions in regard to the property, such as the request to sell one’s share in the property. The ÃŽ µÃâ‚¬ÃŽ ¯Ãâ€žÃ ÃŽ ¿Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š (trustee), i.e. the one who wants to take legal right to manage the property, can request such a right from the owner of the property. The owner, in his/her turn, can use his ÃŽ µÃâ‚¬ÃŽ ¹Ãâ€ Ã ÃŽ »ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¾ÃŽ ·ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¹ÃÅ½ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ±Ãâ€žÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š (reservation of right), which allows him to reserve some rights, such as the right to sell the property, for him/herself and this right will not be trusted to any third party. Along with the private owners of the real estate property there are ÃŽ µÃâ€¦Ã Ãâ€°Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ ±ÃÅ ÃŽ ºÃÅ' (ÃŽ ºÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€žÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃÅ') ÃŽ ºÃŽ µÃŽ ºÃâ€žÃŽ ·ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ­ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¿ (community acquis) , which are public owners of the property and such property is owned by local communities and managed by their authorities.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

CRJS406(1) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CRJS406(1) - Research Paper Example This entails establishing barriers, which will ensure that every crucial piece of evidence is maintained, in addition to sealing all entrances and exits to control entrances while excluding nonessential personnel and bystanders. The management of physical threats will make certain that safety of evidence and those authorized to be in the scene are handled in a secure manner. The barriers can comprise scene tape, vehicles, law enforcement officers, and barricades. Thirdly, a log is created which notes every person who crosses the barrier including the instances in which they come in and exit. This involves recording clear and succinct information regarding the preliminary observations and events. The aim of this documentation is to acquire information that will corroborate investigative considerations (Hess & Orthmann, 2009). Notably, the official investigators entering the scene need to wear proper protecting clothing, comprising a collection of overalls, facemasks, paper shoes, and latex gloves. After leaving the scene, every protecting clothing needs to be analyzed in order to avoid the danger of losing precious trace evidence (Hess & Orthmann, 2009). ... Every crime incident leaves out some traces at the scene, and since most of the traces are normally transient and brittle, when disturbed can destroy their reliability and preservation. Securing the scene will help the investigators to appropriately deduce details, in order to reconstruct the events that took place. Therefore, the goal of securing the scene is preserve the physical integrity of the traces (Sutton & Trueman, 2013). Walkthrough Walk-through is the first assessment conducted by an investigator by vigilantly walking through the scene in order to assess the state of affairs, identify likely evidence, in addition to determining the resources needed (Hess & Orthmann, 2009). The intention is to recognize threats to the crime scene integrity in order to safeguard the physical evidence. Even though the goal of Walk-through is to mentally prepare the premises regarding the reconstruction of scene, the theories can and should change as investigation advances (Dutelle, 2011). Dur ing the initial walkthrough, the primary responsibility before else is to reduce scene contamination. This entails establishing both entry and exit points, and the pathway. The other role of walkthrough is to determine the necessity for individual protective equipment before entry, followed by a documentation of the scene as initially observed. The objective is to recognize and protect fragile evidence, and it involves evaluating the crowds or hostile environment. It also entails a concluding survey, whose objective is to affirm that the scene has been effectively and entirely processed (Dutelle, 2011). Documentation The objective of crime scene documentation is to generate enduring and objective traces of the scene, including the physical

Friday, November 1, 2019

Criminal Theory Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal Theory - Research Paper Example The paper also deals with the common models used by society to determine which acts are considered to be criminal, how they are affected by choice theories, and how they are enforced by the government. It is essential to identify the various choice theories and how they contribute to an in depth understanding of how crimes are being perceived by the society and the criminal justice system. Regoli and Hewitt have made some remarkable studies on the various choice theories on crimes and for the researchers choice theories hold â€Å"that people have free will, are rational and intelligent, and make informed decisions to commit crimes based on whether they believe they will benefit from doing so† (Regoli & Hewitt 66). Thus, an individual has the free will to decide whether to commit a crime or refrain from it in given situations. The ultimate choice of indulging in crimes rests on the individual himself. Very often, individuals commit crimes only after evaluating the possible ben efits as well as the consequences of the action in their lives. It can thus be inferred that individuals tend to keep themselves away from crimes when such consequences of crimes would lead them to pain, punishment, imprisonment or even death penalty. Choice theories can generally be categorized into rational choice theory, the routine activities theory and the life style theory. All these choice theories underline the fact that people are more inclined to commit crimes when right opportunities arise and there is nothing to deter or de-motivate them from such choices. The rational choice theory was developed and propagated by Ronald Clarke and Derek Cornish. The authors argue that offenders are â€Å"rational people who make calculated choices before they commit a criminal act† and as such they â€Å"collect, process, and evaluate information about the crime; they weigh the costs and benefits of the crime before they make the decision to commit it† (Regoli & Hewitt 67) . Thus, the rational choice theorists argue that offenders commit planned crimes where they decide whom to target and in what way to operate their criminal activities. The theory has great significance in the criminal justice system. It is imperative that there are powerful provisions of punishment and deterrence in the criminal justice system to put an end to rational choice crimes. From a rational choice perspective the decisions of the offenders regarding the crime are quite purposive, intentional and deliberative. However, these decisions can be â€Å"biased on limited information, made under pressure, insufficiently planned, and/or attentive only to the immediate risks of apprehension rather than to the long-term consequences of their actions† (Lilly, Ball & Cullen 342). Most often, crimes based on choice theories stem from the offender’s attempts to satisfy his/her needs to earn money, acquire social status or to take revenge. On the other hand, the offender woul d always try to get rid of the negative consequences of the crime which include arrest, punishment and imprisonment. However, rational choice theory does not focus very much on the background factors that are involved in the making of crimes. On the other hand, rational choice t

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

CRIMINAL LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

CRIMINAL LAW - Essay Example ort published in 2006 made recommendations calculated to address the current complexities of the homicide laws which invariably involve a three tier division of the offences of unlawful homicide. 5 This paper critically evaluates the merits of the Law Commission’s recommendations in the context of the current laws governing unlawful homicide. It will be argued that the Law Commission’s recommendations with respect to dividing unlawful homicide into three distinct groups is fair. This is particularly so since fair labelling principles in criminal law are important for distinguishing between different levels of culpability.6 Under the law of homicide in England and Wales, the killing of another human being can be either lawful or unlawful.7 Lawful homicide which may include killing during wartime, the accidental killing of another during a lawful sporting event or during a lawful death penalty execution are outside the ambit of this paper. Unlawful homicide is currently compartmentalized in England and Wales as either manslaughter, murder or infanticide.8 Unlawful homicide requires actus reus which refers to the guilty act. The difficulties and complexities of unlawful homicide arise however with the establishment of mens rea, the second element of each of the offences.9 The mens rea refers to the mental element and invariably involves issues of intent and causation.10 Fiona Brookeman describes how the essential element of mens rea creates difficulties with respect to unlawful homicide: â€Å"Whilst it is relatively straightforward to prescribe or define a particular act with particular consequences as a guilty act, it is far from straightforward to determine to what extent the act or its consequences were intended. In other words it has to be acknowledged that not all killings are intended and that there exists, therefore, different levels of culpability or guilt amongst perpetrators.†11 The manner in which unlawful homicide treats the offence of

Monday, October 28, 2019

Compare and contrast the soldier and futility Essay Example for Free

Compare and contrast the soldier and futility Essay The Soldier and Futility are two poems which discuss war. Both poems were written during the war by Englishmen. Wilfred Owen and Rupert Brooke died in different stages of the war as a result of it. Both poems discuss death and hate in several ways. The two say that there is a lot of hate in war but they each see death for your country from a different perspective. In Futility Wilfred Owen says that war is a terrible thing because there are so many casualties. He also says that the cause of war is usually petty and that people dying for their country is awful. As well as this he says that it is better to live than die doing your duty. Wilfred Owen has a different view towards war because he lived through most of it. He was killed during the final year of the war, in 1918. Rupert Brooke, on the other hand, didnt live through much of the war. He died in the early stages of it, in 1915. He was twenty-eight years old. In his opinion war is necessary and one had a duty to fight for King/Queen and country. Rupert Brooke also thinks that people should be proud to fight for their country as we see in the words Dulce et decorum est, which is Latin for wonderful thing to die for your country. These words are found in another of Wilfred Owens poems though but it is used sarcastically. It is as if Wilfred Owen is laughing at the people getting gassed and dying like in his other poem The Last Laugh. The poem Futility shows the negatives of war such as people dying doing their duty. These people didnt want to go and fight, they were persuaded by their friends and fellow women. The women thought that a man wasnt attractive or whole unless he wore a soldiers uniform. This made the men feel terrible and that they would never find a partner unless they sign up. They were also persuaded by the government. They would sack people so that they had no choice but to join. The government also put propaganda posters up with children asking their father What did you do during the great war? Many people gave into this; they paid the consequences by being killed. The Soldier speaks of the positive things about war such as dying with friends or doing what they were born to do. It also says that this is an idyllic world and that they should always take the chance to fight for their King/Queen and country when it is given. The poem is a very patriotic one as it repeats English and England many times. This shows Rupert Brookes love for his country. This poem also has no sense of animosity or resentment towards war. The Soldier says that each person is unimportant but in Futility it says that every person is important. The style and structure of each poem is very different. Even though both poems are fourteen lines long and they both use euphemisms there are many differences. The Soldier is a sonnet and concentrates on England whereas Futility is not a sonnet and has more symbolism. There are rhetorical questions used in Futility and it is written in the third person. The Soldier, however, is in the first person and hasnt got any rhetorical questions. It is also written in Iambic Pentameter and is a Petrarchan or an Italian sonnet. Both poems are rhythmic and have rhymes in them. The Soldier has rhyming every second line whereas Futility has half rhymes every other. For example snow from line five and know from line seven. Both Futility and The Soldier have religious connotations and mention the sun. The sun has an immense amount of significance in the poems because it is the complete opposite to what the poems discuss. The sun has life-giving powers whereas both poems talk about death. Only Futility has personifications. These include Think how it wakes the seeds. This shows us how the sun has life-giving powers. Another example is Gently its touch awoke him once which also talks about the sun. These two give the sun attributes which it hasnt got. The Soldier talks about himself and how he would always be English even if he was buried in a foreign country. This is shown by the lines If I should die think only this of me; that theres some corner of a foreign field, that is forever England. This also shows that he is thankful for being English and he would put his life on the line for his country.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Willy Loman Is The Cause Of Hi :: essays research papers

Willy Loman is the cause of his own misfortune   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many characters in literature are the cause of their own misfortune. In the play Death of a Salesman by author Miller, Willy Loman is responsible for his misfortune as well as the misfortune of his two sons Happy and Biff. Willy creates his own small world in which he is the boss, everything goes around him, nothing will change and nothing will go wrong. But by thinking this way Willy causes his own misfortune.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Willy brags to his boys that he is well liked, that he is a 'big man';, but in reality he is not. He says that he went to Providence, met the Mayor, had coffee with him. Willy says: 'And they know me, boys, they know me up and down New England'; (Death of a Salesman 30). This comment illustrates how Willy shows off in front of his sons. He says he can park his car in any street in New England, and the cops will protect it like their own. Willy believes that he is a 'number one'; man but at the same time he knows and says that he is not what he dreams about, but he just does not want to admit it. 'You know, the trouble is, Linda, people don't seem to take me… They seem to laugh at me… they just pass me by. I'm not noticed'; (36) says Willy. He knows the fact that he is a total failure and he never admits it. Then Willy mentions that he cannot sell anything and when Linda says that he is the handsomest, he disagrees with her, says he is fat, foolish to l ook at. Willy tells everyone and believes in the dream that he is well liked, that he is a 'number-one'; man. Thinking that way Willy creates his own little world where he is the boss and he does the things which he should not do causing his own misfortune.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Willy believes in and follows his wrong ideas. And the worst part is that he teaches them his sons Biff and Happy. He thinks that appearance is everything. Willy says: 'Because the man who makes an appearance in the business world, the man who creates personal interest, is the man who gets ahead. Be liked and you will never want'; (33). This comment illustrates Willy's belief in the wrong idea that appearance is everything.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Tesco Case Study

Tesco’s main activities: -Retailing -Financial services It’s a major global retailer 1) Retail activity 5 store formats: * Tesco extra * Tesco superstore * Tesco metro * Tesco express * One stop Non-food ventures: -Tesco Homeplus – Dobbies Since 2005, they have opened a member of non-food outlets: Tesco Homeplus, Dobbies( garden centres) 2) Banking activity Tesco Bank A will to extend their involvement in the financial services Service: credit cards/ loans/ mortgages/ saving accounts/ insurance It’s run separately from the rest of the businessIt was a 50/50 joint venture with RBS( Royal Bank of Scotland) But the 28 of July 2008, Tesco bought out the shares of RBS . Internet: tesco. com .Telecom: Tesco mobile, it’s a joint venture with O2 The scale of its operation: 1994: First move into Central Europe 1998: First move into South East Asia 2007: First move in California 2008: First wholly owned Tesco opened in Guangzhou, China China/ Czech Republic/ Hungry/ Republic of Ireland/ Japan/ Malaysia/ Poland/ Slovakia/ South Korea/ Thailand/ Turkey/ Uk/ US They entered the US grocery market in 2007 Through the opening of a new chain: Fresh & EasyOver the past 10 years, the profits per year have constantly increased Tesco’s business strategy: â€Å"At the core of Tesco’s business model is a focus on trying to improve what we do for customers† .To create value for customers: In such way that â€Å"if the business is performing well in the eyes of the customers, then it will also be performing well for other stakeholders† Strategy in the UK: Growth is sought through expansion into markets such as financial services, non-food and telecom Strategy outside the UK: Growth is sought by entry into locations, most recently China, India and in the USTargets are defined under: Five prospective of the steering wheel -community -operations -people -finance -customer To increase the customer loyalty is the single most imp ortant driver of long term financial performance Tesco’s corporate culture: â€Å"Customer is king† . a customer centric company . a customer focused company Maintaining a global staff retention The average longevity within the Tesco management is around 14 years e. g. : the CEO Sir Terence Leahy joined Tesco in 1979 after graduation It’s one of the KPI ( Key Performance Indicator) â€Å"everyone feel accountable for the company’s success†Every little helps A relatively flat grade structure Five levels Whereas 470,000 employees e. g. : top grade 200 people The company’s values: .We treat people how we like to be treated * work as a team * trust and respect each other * listen, support and say thank you * share knowledge and experience No on tries harder for customers * understand customers * be first to meet their needs * act responsibly for our communities Tesco has a rather unique approach of risk management * diversification both geograph ically and in areas * risk devolvement at thedepartment level * absence of overall risk management