Analysis and evaluation of the NHS

Analysis and evaluation of the NHSThe bailiwick Health Service (NHS) provides wellness c ar for all UK citizens based on their need for healthc be rather than their competency to pay for it. NHS is funded by taxes. This report identifies the problem with NHS with problem solving tools and techniques. For finding this problem Casual Loop and BOT methodologies has been utilize.NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE (NHS)On 5 July 1948, NHS was launched by Health Secretary Aneurin Bevan and for the first condemnation health care became free to all UK citizen. In 1952, Patients started being supercharged for prescription. First mass vaccination programme for polio and diphtheria started in 1958. forwards this, there were 8000 cases of polio and 70000 of diphtheria each year. In 1961, contraceptive pills were launched which gives women control oer how many children they clear.In 1962, Health Minister Enoch Powell put forward The infirmary Plan which set out a 10 year mess for hospital buildin g. Every nation of 125,000 was to get a hospital or district ordinary hospital as they become known. In 1967 abortion figure out was passed by a free vote of MPs and introduced by Liberal MP David Steel which made abortion legal up to 28 weeks if a womans mental or physical health was at risk and further limit getd to 24 weeks in 1990.In 1968, UKs first heart transplant surgery was carried out in the National Heart Hospital in London with 18 doctors and nurses operating a 45 year old man for seven hours. CT scanners were use for first time in 1972. CT scanners started to be used on patients by the development of the previous cinque years. CT scan machines cook pictures of the body to develop 3D images, revolutionising investigations of the body. Worlds first test tube treat was born on 25 July 1978 before midnight in Oldham District general Hospital. To reduce breast cancer deaths in women over 50, breast display was introduced in 1988 and a massive with mitigated drug t reatment screening was estimated to have cut deaths by a fifth.In 1990 NHS and Community Care Act was introduced by the legislation which was known as the NHS internal market with health authorities given their own budgets to buy care for local populations from hospitals. In 1994 organ donor register created to co-ordinate supply and demand. It was the result of a five year campaign by John and Rosemary coxswain whose son Peter died in 1989 and he had asked for his organs to be used to help impudent(prenominal)s. In 2006, patients were given the choice of four or five hospitals, ending the long held tradition of going where GPs decides. The scheme has now been all-encompassing to include all hospitals in England but not adopted elsewhere in UK.PEST ANALYSISA review of the political, economic, social and practiced (PEST) environs involves analysing the environment for any organisation. UK based healthcare provider for the public, NHS funded by contributions made from taxes distr ibuted by the government to each of the trusts. NHS operates inwardly a politically stable economy with funds pledged by nigh(prenominal) previous and current governments to the service for improvements in healthcare and salaries for module.NHS facing the economic environment is a growing economy with a rising elderly population and less behaves people to support them. It has become amplifyly fractious to recruit medical ply and terseages have often been counteracted by employing staff from different European Union countries which in turn additions the population within the UK. The social environment shapes beliefs, values and norms (Kotler). Belief is the core values of the health service and the services it offers was high on the publics number of concerns during the last general election as if NHS is an internal part of the UK and its culture. The technological environment is pitiful fast within the health care sector with continually development of drugs, advancement of techniques for operations and the use of technologies for both medical and administrative procedures. deck out ANALYSISStrengthsThere is no real competitor for the NHS although it doesnt have monopoly in the market.Accident and Emergency service is unique to the NHS though secluded hospitals are available throughout the UK.The NHS has continued to grow and expand upon its services since it was naturalized in 1948.NHS importanttains good family with health community partners.WeaknessesDue to change magnitude population NHS is unable to cope with the demand.High time lag time for the patients. unfavourable behaviours and attitudes of some staff.OpportunitiesUses of marketing strategies to raise the profile of the NHS. leagues and joint ventures with toffee-nosed and instinctive sector.ThreatsWork of contractors affects image of NHS.High turnover of staff.Shift of services to patriarchal care.CAUSAL LOOP DIAGRAMcausal Loop diagrams contain several(prenominal) componentsO ne or more feedback loops that are either reinforcing or balancing processes.Cause and effect relationships among the variables.Delays.Where feedback reduces the impact of change, it is a Balancing loop. Balancing loops seek to bring things to a desired state and keep them there.Where feedback augments the impact of change, it is a Reinforcing loop. Reinforcing loops compound changes in one direction with even more changes in that direction.Causal Loop Diagram has two kinds of relationships between variablesWhen variable A changes, variable B changes in the same(S) direction. It is indicated by (S) in the diagram.When variable A changes, variable B changes in the opposite (O) direction. It is indicated by (O) in the diagram.The Causal Loop Diagram for NHS contains variables which are as follow reckon of Doctors, Nurses and other medical staff The good turn of doctors, Nurses and other medical staff working in the NHS is inversely related to the waiting time for patients. This i mplies that when the consider of staff join ons, the waiting time for patients decreases because of added capacity. The outlet of staff working with NHS depends on well-heeleder variables such(prenominal) as their morale and work environment.Number of Patients on the Waiting tendency This refers to the number of patients on NHS waiting list. The waiting list becomes little(a) when a large number of patients shift from NHS to private health care and becomes in particular long due to seasonal peaks.Waiting time This is time a patient has to wait before he/she can be tough by NHS.Number of hospitals, beds, medical equipment The number of hospitals, beds and medical equipment are aquiline on the annual NHS budget and funding. If there is a lack of these resources than it would emergence tension in the establishment and it would take longer to treat patients. comprehend quality of Health Services (Waiting time, Treatment and After Care) -This varies from patient to patient, if the waiting time is too long, the perceived quality of the service is low and this in turn causes more people to complain against the NHS.Number of Complaints Dissatisfaction of the patients due to increase in waiting times leads to an increase in complaints against the NHS. This increases pressure on the government and the Department of Health by acts of the National Audit Office.Number of Patients shifting to private Health care The patients dissatisfied by the long waiting times of NHS, started complaining and shifting to private health care. presidential term action Longer waiting lists increase media pressure causing the presidency to increase its annual NHS budget which relaxes the system temporarily as new funds increases the NHS capacity.Investment in facilities, Medical equipment and information technology An increase in the NHS budget allows the NHS to hire more medical staff and improve the capacities in hospitals. More patients can be treated within short time a nd the waiting lists can become shorter as the budget increases.Partnership with Private Health Care NHS cannot cope with the excessive demand when the waiting lists become too long. So it tends to outsource its service to private health care e.g. BUPA, NHS express surgery units in partnership with state stretch forth German and French health care firms. This is quick and short course to fix the problem and tends to bring down the waiting time in the short run.Morale of doctors and other medical staff This is a soft variable that depends on factors like the quality of the work environment in the NHS hospitals, the work pressure and employee satisfaction. The morale of doctors and other medical staff has a positive effect on the quality of service provided to patients. It also determines the number of doctors and medical staff that stay with NHS or join NHS.Number of patients advance back to the NHS The waiting list tends to decrease when a large number of patients shift to pri vate health care or/and when the NHS budget is increased to support improved health care. The waiting time for the treatment becomes short and due to this some of the patients who had previously shifted to private health care turn back to NHS. This once again increases the waiting list of the patients.All the actions and movements of these variables are shown in the Causal Loop Diagram of NHS (figure 1)Figure Causal Loop Diagram for NHSKey = Loop 1(Balancing Loop) = Loop 5(Reinforcing Loop)S = Augmenting kinship O = Inhibiting RelationshipThe causal loop diagram suggests that a deeper set of forces is at work and the problem situation to be modelled is complex and dynamic. It is necessary to consider both hard variable (number of beds and hospitals) and soft variables (morale of staff). There are 6 loops in the system. There are 2 positive loops or reinforcing loops and 4 loops are ostracise or balancing loops.In loop 1, change magnitude number of patients on waiting list incre ases the waiting time which leads to dissatisfaction and complaints against the NHS. This also switches some patients to private health care. Increasing pressure from public and media forces the government to increase the NHS budget. This tends to have positive effect on the system by increasing NHS capacity and reducing the waiting list.Loop 1 is affected by loop 5 which is positive and reinforcing loop. Some patients decide to return to NHS from private health care as waiting list is decline. This increases the waiting list once again. Hence, there are no proper solutions to the problem or solution is difficult to achieve.Many obvious solutions to the problem like increasing the NHS budget failed in the past. The causal loop diagram contains more negative loops than positive loops. Hence the system appears to be a negative system that tends to counter uncontrolled deviation and stabilise if the waiting list increases significantly. endpointNHS is the UK health care service run by the government funded through the taxes. This report shows environmental condition of NHS through PEST analysis and Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of NHS through the SWOT analysis. The causal loop diagram for NHS point out the main problem of NHS which is increasing waiting time for patients and a temporary increase in resources (NHS budget) gave short run solution for the problem.RECOMMENDATIONCollaboration with private health service to decline waiting time.NHS should maintain good relationship with private health service.NHS should overcome its weakness through its strength and reduce its threats through appropriate use of its opportunities.Increase its work force and equipment.NHS should land up the contract based employee and there should be better coordination between doctors, nurses and other employees.