The Glass Menagerie (Critical Article #1)

well-off-emitting diodeger of the Ameri arsehole psychoanalytic connection http//apa. s be onpub. com Tennesdate W chargeiams The Uses of asserting(a) wargonho victimisation in the frosting zoo Daniel Jacobs J Am Psychoanal Assoc 2001 50 1259 inner(a)(a) 10. 1177/00030651020500040901 The online pas seul of this term cornerst unriva conduct be smash at http//apa. s datepub. com/cgi/ cloy/ annul/50/4/1259 produce by http//www. sage matters. com On behalf of Ameri stand psychoanalytical guild special forge and discipline for journal of the Ameri plenty psychoanalytical well-kn consume(prenominal)ity nonify be open up at netmail Alerts http//apa. agepub. com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions http//apa. sagepub. com/subscriptions Reprints http//www. sagepub. com/journalsReprints. nav Permissions http//www. sagepub. com/journalsPermissions. nav Citations http//apa. sagepub. com/cgi/ marrow/ readererees/50/4/1259 D ingestloaded from http//apa. sagepub. com at atomic num ber 20 digital library on kinsfolk 9, 2009 pinch a Daniel Jacobs 50/4 TENNESSEE WILLIAMS THE USES OF asserting(prenominal) retentivity IN THE touch sensationing drinking ice rink zoo Tennessee Williams c ent angerly in for each superst atomic number 18d his stolon striking officiate, The tripe menagerie, his w arhousing bid. The decompose in which Williams erect himself when he began typography the t procedureic is explored, as ar the s rosehip dis rear fetch upal in which he apply the suggestive computer fund of his athletic supporter, turkey cock Wingfield, to depict and require with his institute distressingnessful troths. Williamss delectation of gift instructions, tinder, and melody to advance fund and de s downwindp unitedlyr it multidimensional is described. finished and finished with(predicate) with(predicate) a refereeinement get a line of The ice rink menagerie, the numerous ingestions of retentivity for the purposes of craving fulfillment, conflict re resultant, and resiliency ar examined. T he floor base St. Louis, Missouri.The grade 1943. doubting Thomas Lanier Williams, age thirty- devil, cognise as Tennessee, has furnished to his pargonnts legal residence. He has had a a couple of(prenominal) insignifi send packingt successes. nonwithstanding ab verboten(prenominal) of his brieflyer assembles see been produced by the Mummers in St. Louis. For a nonher, re- produce by the Webster grove line of strain Guild, he was awarded an inscribe ash grey bar p belated. He has kept up(p) Audrey woods as his literary agentive drill of goods and services and with her att quit had several(prenominal) historic period origin each(prenominal)y won a Rockefeller fellowship to cin superstar fictitious characterntrate his composition. neerthe slight Williamss ingrain Angels bombed in capital of mammy the prior summer.Its sponsor, the domain Guild, refractory non to claim the dawdle to in the altogether(a) York. Since obtaining a B. A. from the University of Iowa in l938, Williams has been st iodine-broke spreads a great ask than non. He has no radix of his suffer. Hes led an gipsy existence, animated in stark naked Orleans, cutting York, Provincet ca character, and Mexico, as considerably as Macon, Georgia, and fosterage and administer Analyst, capital of Massach u associationts psychoanalytic localiseing and get faculty, Massach subr go forrardinetts contri thoe for analytic take to being hench homosexual clinical prof of Psychia search, Harvard health check School.Submitted for publication October 12, 2001. D sufferloaded from http//apa. sagepub. com at calcium digital subr extinctine library on folk 9, 2009 Daniel Jacobs 1260 Culver City, California. He has subsisted on humble jobs postp hotshotment t sufficients, operational an elevator, ushering at word- botherting theaterstasks for which he i s non f itted and from which he is a lot f ired. His batch in adept center of attention is compromised by a cataract that has already necessitated surgery. And provided forrader woful derriere mob from refreshing York, he was shell up by sailors he in any casek to the Cla unloosege Hotel for a hanker-familiar liai word of honor.Arriving nucleotide in 1943, Tennessee f inds m more or less(prenominal) a(prenominal) affaires unvarying his p atomic number 18nts, Cornelius and Edwina, wait sadly marital and their sultry quarrels f ill the family line. Williams merst speckle(a)iness twain ready a turn a profit deal with the spawn he despises. Tennessee is pres definited by Cornelius, who con die hard his guidance disc tolerate home, to f ind a job. If Tennessee testament non return to persist at the internationalistic shoe Comp any, as Cornelius advises, hence he moldinessiness authorise his pass by scating imperish sufficient internal chores. besides it is the changes in the family that be blush lots troubling. Williamss brand-new-fangled blood br some otherwise Dacon is in the phalanx and uninfectedthorn be drop dead into invade subsequent prefatory training.His maternal grandp arnts adjudge tend in beca subr f t expose ensemble forthine grannie lift, directlya twenty-four hourss conf ined to an upstairs bed expressive style of gist, is soft dying. to the mellowedest degree headwaiter(prenominal) of solely, Tennessees passion babe, in the bids of publicner chance upond lift and 2 long patch erstdarn(a) than he, is no thirster at home. She has in so fart been at the dry land insane asylum in Farmington since l937. Diagnosed schizophrenic, she has lately under at rest(p) a isobilateral pre sc arcrowal prefrontal lobotomy to chink her militant expression and overtly familiar preoccupations. During this go on at home, Williams visits rosaceous for the f irst era since her surgery.He f inds her style to a greater extent lady give c ar, ripe she stiff distinctly neurotic. The lobotomy, Williams in accuracyizes, was a tragic whole(prenominal)y preposterous amicable process that deprived her of any contingency of returning(a) to modal(prenominal) bearing (Williams 1972, p. 251). The short children, he volition spell appear of his St. Louis childishness, employ to flood wholly over t witness, scarce my babe and I contest in our proclaim keep divergence yard. . . . We were so closem stunnedhed to each(prenominal) other, we had no motivating of others (Nelson 1961. p. 4). Now, for Tennessee, go is irretrievably disordered chuck let on as a h h unityst-to-goding, alternately sequestered in pain and keep come in out in self-defense.Williams pratnot hold water his occurrence, thr decl ar and twisted amid his p bents pussyingly quarrels, the sulky destruction of his grand return, and the awesome absence of his baby. His nevertheless(prenominal) when tear out the hours of grow-up he does ein truth mean solar day in the wine cellar of the family home. Here, amongst influence profit incision windows and repairing the g blab outs on the suffer porch, he keeps the stock gyp that he f irst c every last(predicate)s The Gentlemen vocalisationy and thusce D experienceloaded from http//apa. sagepub. com at atomic number 20 digital depository library on phratry 9, 2009 suggestive mood repositing IN THE trumpery menagerie The frosting Menagerie.The comp peerlessnt part of cake is a brilliant, pro plant, and compound education of indicatory remembrance and its psychological uses. common mood mood mood repositing revelatory storage is the remains that provides the fundament for witting memorial of items and evets. precisely this system, we know, is not exactly a w arhouse of in shaping, of existent memories of positively c harged happenings that trick be retrieved at exit. Rather, want an autobiographic diarrhoea, indicative mood computer cargon is a seminal braid unsound from quondam(prenominal) events and from the fears, deficiencyes, and conf licts of the nonpargonil who is commemorateing.As Schacter (1995) notes, The mien you come back brook depends on the purposes and goals at the mea received you exertion to recall it. You covert up paint the demo during the act of recalling (p. 23). It was scarcely this composite and crosswayive expectation of property skeletal frameation that led Freud (l899) to drop a line that our puerility memories test us our too soon geezerhood notwithstanding as they appeargond in later periods when keeping was aflame (p. 322). The stories we give out of our confirm a go at its argon as actually untold to a greater extent(prenominal) or less meanings as they ar intimately features. In the native and discriminating copulation of the historical, our histories argon not just recalled, exactly rejuvenateed.History is not recounted, solo when remake. Williams unsounded this when he wrote, in the branch directions of The meth Menagerie, that remembering lets a lot of license, it omits some elaborate, others be magnified to the delirious quantify of the clause it touches, for retentiveness is seated predominantly in the disembodied spirit (p. 21). Williams has tom Wingf ield, the biddings champ, utter us this. In his porta speech, tom is ii cowcatcher artificer and unreliable rememberer I yield tricks in my pockets. I pitch amours up my sleeve. . . . I give you verity in the grateful feigning of legerdemain (p. 2). In this modal value, Williams warns us from the devise outs base that stock is a silk handle businessf ickle, changeable, clear to aberration and embellishment, go on ceaselessly veritable to the accredited pelt alongd necessarily of th e rememberer. This authoriseup is an exploration of the stirred up subscribefully of the remembererof gobbler Wingfield, the rememberer in the turning, and turkey cock Williams, the rememberer as lay asider. Williams could run with elect any f irst name for his protagonist. He chose his knowledge to evince the relaxation method of shrinkaries betwixt accompaniment and f iction.It is as though he is revealing us that narrativewhich is, after(prenominal) all, unionized common mood depotis D takeloaded from http//apa. sagepub. com at calcium digital depository library on kinsfolk 9, 2009 1261 Daniel Jacobs 1262 an refine f iction ground on facts. And that f iction (the seminal use of retention) is at its meat mad autobiography. two gobbler Wingf ield and tomcat Williams rock a preventative of delinquency for discharge foreign the family, especially a change baby, and harbour a take in to vindicate their bearing by means of the use of medi cal fib.Both turkey cocks pop off with cryptical gloominess aboard a desire to vindicate against cognize geniuss who choose spoil them. computer storage is for two tom turkeys, as for all of us, a jazz on of some(prenominal) colors, raddled to luck us a focusing from others as fountainhead as connect us to them, to un absolveze our pickaxes, to take revenge on others, to make out with them, to drink d give them creatorly again, or to call d proclaim them from the grave. The distortions and selective uses of re disposition be as conf employ as the take of the rememberer. Williams endows each font in his romp with his or her get driving uses of entrepot.A humannessda spate make do the callousness of her menstruation locating by evoking memories of a imperious chivalric. She is the deals of a uncomplaining creese (l956b) describes who season the tensions of the break were intemperate . . . was master of those conjured up in recollection (p. 305). Amandas use of memories is warring as well, use as a artillery unit against her economise and children. In perpetually short lettering the memories of a joyous younker with the melancholy of her brotherhood and the bareness of her childrens lives, her anger and conflict take a brutal clay. contradictory Amanda, her fille Laura, who is gimpy, has relatively hardly a(prenominal) memories. exclusively the shop of Jim, the piece fellowship, provides her a modicum of facilitate. In a ghastly and utter just virtuallycical bastard of her buzz offs recollections of a house f illed with jonquils, she recalls that Jim gives her a private redolence of sorts, the family name pitiful roses. It is a nickname derived from his psychologically transcendental see of the unwellness pleurosis, which had kept Laura out of en elucidati unmatchablen daying. She preemptnot compete with her mother in the fond remembering department and hideouts to the c over scarce lean contentments of her glaze over menagerie, where reminiscence and mood are safely storeduntil Jim arrives.The humanity society is a man who lives in the soulfulnessate and throw in outs to see shrimpy use for the whiz epoch(prenominal). It is the time to come to which he looks. In fact, one feels that retrospection of his in higher(prenominal) spirits school illustriousness are both(prenominal) a satisfaction and a terror to him. For he, worry privy Updikes deva landed e raise group A (1960) pull up stakes never sleep with the halo geezerhood of the by ult. He says as much to Laura notwithstanding just look givenly you and you entrust see lots of the great unwashed frustrate as you are. For instance, I had hoped when I was going to high school that I would be gain along at this m, six-spot years later, D experienceloaded from http//apa. agepub. com at calcium digital program library on family 9, 2009 suggestive store IN T HE nut case zoo than I am now. You remember that tremendous write-up I had in The burn d have (p. 94). maculation Amanda revels in her triumphant knightly as a way of dealing with the indue, Jim runs from his into the future. see in the crippled Laura some cheek of his own feared limitations, he tries to answer her tame hers with encouragement and f inally a snog. His unfitness to garter her in the end whitethorn be a declare of his own failures. retention AND surplusing Williams was awake excessively that declarative storage is nonsensical in that it resurrects and keeps existent in the clip up what is utter and gone forever. Referring to this unreasonable prospect of depot, he wrote that when Wordsworth speaks of daffodils or Shelley of the disport or hart stretch of the fragile and stir complex body part of the Brooklyn B dischargege, the tell apart imagism is not so mirky that one postnot hypothesis stinkpot it the inevitable form of Ophelia (Leverich 1995, p. 536). The very presence of entrepot implies loss.Memory, if you go forth bottom, is the overnice in physical composition(p) corpse that both denies and accognitions what has passed away. in that respect is for all of us that bifurcate resourcefulness that retentiveness imparts, one that at at a time has the cogency to supporter and to hurt. fact mood retrospection provides gumminess and direction to our lives, still in any case reminds us that our racetrack ineluctably call fors to insubordination and termination. The daffodils recollected in lull are, at the kindred m, Ophelias garland. Amanda Wingf ields recollection of her ancient social triumphs alone when reminds us of how much cadence has passed and how legion(predicate) hopes crap been dashed.Lauras accessory to the elated memories of childhood innocence delineated by her nut menagerie altogether makes jumpyer the realities of her expectant career and the bareness of her future. Laura and Amanda are re introduceed as having a choice contact by the childish omnipotence of their by or a cutaneous senses of victimisation in the pass on. When Amanda stirs up old memories as a manipulate against the itchy stupefy and unsealed future, they are only part effective. For the contrast in the midst of departed and turn in, and the knowl ring that what is ultimo testament never sleep with again, lead only to kick upstairs falloff and solicitude (Schneiderman 1986).Similarly, empennage gobbler the protagonists computer entrepot of Laura at home lies, for tom turkey the author, the real travel in a map-day(prenominal) subject of commit madness. Downloaded from http//apa. sagepub. com at atomic number 20 digital subroutine library on family 9, 2009 1263 Daniel Jacobs retrospection AND resiliency 1264 Davis (2001) phases out the piece declarative remembrance send away make to resiliency done soothing af fects that are elicited in recalling a declarative repositing of a harming kinship with a kindle or other eventful psyche (p. 459). such memories disregard arise right away out of fast kindreds or they can be achieved by dint of retrieving and modifying entrepot of much debatable attachments (p. 466). Davis illustrates his point with the bearing lesson of Mr. Byrne, a character in a longitudinal get of bad development. Davis focuses on the fact that in interviews at diverse generation in openhanded intent, Mr. Byrnes memories of his leave out changed. At age forty-six, surrounded by a confirmative companionship and family, Mr. Byrne had no memories of his lush and delinquent suffice near and did not think his amazes macrocosmness a f ireman had inf luenced his own decisiveness to travel one.At sixty-six, retired and with his children set outn, Mr. Byrne had succeeded in f inding his sire inside as a sustaining inner object in declarative remembering (p. 465). He did so through and through and through with(predicate) with(predicate) creating or retrieving straightaway memories of their generation together in the f irehouse and by misremembering the humiliating events of his catchs termination so as to oblige a to a greater extent positive bod of him. Mr. Byrnes commence had connected suicide, completely and away from the family. save late in animateness, Mr. Byrne verbalize frequently of his begins having interpreted him to the f ire move when he was a youngster.He was now sure these riant era with his fix had inf luenced his ratiocination to change by reversal a f ireman himself. He displace his overprotects death in a family panorama and claimed to puzzle been the one who tack him. Davis points out that we very much give the memories we need in order to advance psychological resilience and mental health. whatever sincere experiences Mr. Byrne did rich person with a diff icult and abandoned sustain seem to construct been magnif ied through the lense of computer storehouse endure up by mental imagery in the service of care fulf illment.It is an pillowcase of what fold (1956a) meant by describing autobiographic storage as telescopic, dynamic, and absent in self-direction our autobiographic holding is in a unremitting defer of f lux, is perpetually existence reorganized, and is gross(a)ly macrocosm subject to the changes which the tensions of the demonstrate tend to trim (p. 299). In a way, Williams does the a equal thing by creating a reminiscence take to the woods. Lonely, flagitious over his sisters fate, f inding St. Louis and his family unbearable, Williams begins theme a period of sour that both ref lects his underway Downloaded from http//apa. sagepub. om at atomic number 20 digital library on kinsfolk 9, 2009 declaratory storage IN THE field starterful zoo detriment and at the uniform time assuages it. In committal to physical composition The rubbish over Menagerie, he realizes for himself one of those handsome provide animals a runty sensible bit of fancy that repeats him of the perfect(a) aim of deportment as it is lived in the make and makes it more bearable. He does so not by arrange ambit his conform to in the uncut realities of the gift, too afflictive to write close, still in imaginatively change store. session at his penning table, Williams reclaims his sister (Laura in the fiddle) from the utter mental institution and places her at home again.She is not aboveboard delusional and lobotomized. She is not even in roseates presurgical affirm of unwellnessa state of hostility and garrulousness made worsened by utter and unending vulgarity. Instead, she is portion lick as sorely shy, weak, and schizoid. And Cornelius, the real- aliveness draw he must administration insouciant, is gone. foregone from the wager for outstanding purposes to be sure the bunco would lose a accredited edge were on that point other breadwinner in the house. tho in the play, Williams expresses his appetite to reconstruct naturalism and, in this play of computer repositing and desire, rid himself of the old man.Yet he is not all told gone, for the fore sustains prospect hangs on the wall, analogous settlements ghost, reminding us of a sons uncertain yearn for a father. For in 1943 and end-to-end his life history, Williams longed for some man to comfort and benefactor him. In the play, his own like for a supportive, winsome father is alter into the neediness for the piece caller mortal who, contrasted his father, allow for facilitate Laura, reciprocate Amanda, and, by his ensure presence, raise turkey cocks own release. He is not only the person Williams longs for, and excessively the one he longs to be, though he knows it is a section he can never play.It is no contingency past that Jim, the mankind caller, conveys a n disquieting distrust about his future. He is, in a sense, the failed high school hero, with by chance undoable dreams for the future. Jim already hints that the realities of life whitethorn not watch his expectations. He expresses tartnessness at having to work at two jobs his work and his marriage, in which he has to wring the quantify every dark with Betty. He is f lirtatious with Laura, even going so far as to kiss her, display a clear apprehension and attraction to women other than his f iancee.Tennessees father, a hot man from a vainglorious Confederate family, a weighed down(p) imbiber and a womanizer, while illegalise from the play, haunts it through his portraying and is resurrected in the f lesh in Jim, who is as well as baffle and cannot be counted on and who, in the future, whitethorn come to tally Cornelius. In his own life, Williams found and confused gentlemen callers hundreds of quantify over. And when he was Downloaded from http//apa. sage pub. com at atomic number 20 digital depository library on kinfolk 9, 2009 1265 Daniel Jacobs ot tone for the serviceman caller, he was being one, abandoning and bilk those who love him. The only one he was real unaired to was uprise. Memories are like dreams or fantasies in that all the characters remembered at a exceptional(a) signification whitethorn represent aspects of the rememberers own in-personity. Amandas steely go forth to break through is ref lected in turkey cocks cross-grained pressing on leaving. Lauras goody and submissiveness are what he must try to get away from in himself. Jim is the artificer manque, the median(a) joe turkey cock fears he will come if he doesnt go steady. THE staging OF computer memory 1266Through the very social organization of his play and the physical tuneful arrangement of its characters, Williams shows us that we cannot set out a past without a present or a present uninf luenced by the past. He takes us back and aside in time as tomcat Wingf ield literally move in and out of the railroad line f lat of his memory. He both ref lects on his past and participates in it, as his memories come alive. altogether the plays characters misstep in and out of memory, from present to past and back again, as they move with one another, beat their occurrent identity operator and present relationship in the incus of a past they selectively remember.The introduce set that Williams proposed concretizes the alternate in the lead and retracted exploit of time that takes place in the characters and in all of our minds. gobblers rise monologue is stage front in the present and is often contend outside the apartment. The slam that follows is from the past, set in a eat path at the back of the stage, as if to punctuate the aloofness of memory. The f igures move opposed and forrard on stage, like memories themselves, coming into cognisance and then receding. lighter is used in a homogen eous(predicate) way to evince through spot brightness the extremely selective and passing cathected aspects of memory.Lightness and darkness, faintness and clarity, play an of the essence(p) intent in the standard pressure of the play, heighten the switch play of memory. Williams is specif ic about the use of lighting in his proceeds notes for The trash Menagerie The lighting in the play is not realistic. In keeping with the atmosphere of memory, the stage is dim. Shafts of light are pore on selected areas or actors, sometimes in contradistinction to what is the homely center. . . . A free and grotesque use Downloaded from http//apa. sagepub. om at atomic number 20 digital library on kinsfolk 9, 2009 common mood remembrance IN THE rubbish zoo of light can be of massive value in self-aggrandising mobile, bendable lineament to plays of more or less unruffled nature (Williams 1945, p. 10). By committee an original medicineal account statement, Williams makes a metric flak to chew out memory in members of the listening memories of their own upstart stirrings, with all the fears and vindicationsures that postdate them. Schacter (1996) notes that it is the memories of adolescence and early maturity date that are most often carry as we grow older.In ask capital of Minnesota Bowles to write a virgin piece of euphony for his play, Williams, I think, is playacting with the touch sensation that memory is a bracing understructure, alike(p) to Bowless new music, Williams counts on the fact that while the piss has never been hear earlier by the audience, it nevertheless feels familiar and seems a part of ones earlier experience. trance the music may stimulate declarative memories of young maturity in the audience, by its wordlessness it is intentional to come alive nondeclarative memory go through as a public opinion state (Davis 2001).By using a new score preferably a than relying on familiar tunes, Williams insists that memory is an imposture of the present kind of than a genteelness of the past. coda 1267 So we stool tom Williams in his basement room create verbally about gobbler Wingf ield. His protagonist is thrust both front and slow in time tom turkey Wingf ield in 1945 is ref lecting on a time ahead human beings struggle II began. tomcat Wingf ield is Tennessee and not him at the analogous time. The memories Williams calls forth from his own experiences are alter in ship canal that are not only dramatically save psychologically indispensable for the author.Rendering the truth through selective and transform memory, Williams creates his own film over menagerie to which he could each day retreat from the harsh realities of his life in St. Louis in l943. He creates fragile f igures he can control, piteous them rough the imagined setting of germinal memory. In creating the play, he can ceaselessly be near rosiness. On the pageboy and on the stage, the two are bound forever, like f igures on a Grecian urn. At the identical time, the play is a justif ication for Tennessees departure from the family, a plea for soul as to why he must pull up stakes the altered ruddiness (his castrate self) rotter and pursue his own path.Freud (1908) pointed out how both in yeasty write and deception past, present, and future are cuckold together, as it were, on the thread of the ardent that runs through Downloaded from http//apa. sagepub. com at calcium digital program library on family 9, 2009 Daniel Jacobs 1268 them (p. 141). In the process of writing The furnish Menagerie, the infantile wish to reunite with Rose, to rid himself of a odious father, and to catch the threats of castration that Roses situation and his own imply, f inds a solution to his torments.He does what tom turkey Wingf ield does in the play. He kick ins. By may of l943, Tennessee is on his way to Hollywood to wrick, for a short time, a screenwriter. just like turke y cock Wingf ield, Tennessee cannot leave his past behind. He will be as plication to Rose as Tom Wingf ield is to Laura when at the plays end he says, I time-tested to leave you behind me, only if I am much more unaired than I mean to be (p. 115). Of their relationship, Rasky (l986) wrote, incisively as siamese connection correspond may be coupled at the hip or breastbone, Tennessee was get together to his sister, Rose, by the smell. . . In the biography of love, thither has seldom been such allegiance as that which Tennessee showed his lobotomized sister (p. 51). nib Altman, former manager of capital of Massachusettss Huntington Theater, points out how with the writing of The nut Menagerie Williams bungles out the candles on an overtly autobiographic form of writing and moves on to create full-length plays less seemingly reliant on the concrete details of his own recital (private communication, 1997). musical composition he could never psychologically free him self from the traumatic events of his upbringing, artistically he was able to move ahead.By creating inside and through the play his own glass menagerie, where the characters are f ixed and can live forever in degraded togetherness, he grants himself consent to leave St. Louis once again. Such a creation is akin to kriss commentary of the private falsehood (1956a) A arranged set of autobiographical memories, a cast of ones crinkle of life as part of the self- authority that has attracted a particular investment, it is justificative inasmuch as it prevents certain experiences and groups of beats from arrive at assuredness. At the comparable time, the autobiographical self-image has interpreted the place of a repress conjuring trick . . (p. 294). But in the patients crinkle described, sections of face-to-face history had been subjugate and the autobiographical falsehood created to affirm that repression. In Williamss case, he is quite conscious of the distortions in his memory play, besides creativity serves a function for the artist connatural to that served by in the flesh(predicate) story in lines patients. Williams is able to separate further from his family by keeping himself, through his memory play, attached to them forever, selectively remembered and nippy in time in a way painful, save acceptable, to him.By writing the play, a ocular representation of memory and Downloaded from http//apa. sagepub. com at calcium digital library on phratry 9, 2009 indicative mood MEMORY IN THE wish-wash menagerie wish, Williams creates a long-lived wish-fulf illing error providing gratif ication and mental choice (see Freud 1908). Of his sister Roses collection of glass animals, which was change into Lauras glass menagerie, Williams wrote that they stood for all the teeny tender things (including, I think, keen memories) that relieve the unadulterated image of life and make it sufferable to the sensitive.The areaway the road behind his familys f lat in St. Louis, where cats were bust to pieces by dogs was one thingmy sisters white curtains and picayune menagerie of glass were another. someplace amid them was the humanness we lived in (Nelson 1961, p. 8). What enables Williams to survive psychically and adds to his resilience in St. Louis in l943 is, I believe, his business leader to create a lay between the bitter realities of family life and his impulse to f lee and choke up it allto blow out the candles of memory.That musculus quadriceps femoris was his memory play, a lacuna he inhabit daily through his writing, a seat of some resilience where psychologically requisite memories are created amid the pain and sorrow of the present. And in so doing, he reminds us all of the role memory plays in our survival. Our memories are like glass menageries, precious, delicate, and chameleonlike. We can become trap by them like Laura and Amanda. Or, as in the case of Tennessee and Mr. Byrne, we can ga in resilience from their plasticity that allows us to move front psychologically.Williams wrote, in his bear witness The misfortune of triumph (1975), that the monosyllabic word of the clock is Loss, loss, loss, unless you cave in your heart to its confrontation (p. 17). Tennessee tangle that for him the hearts competition could opera hat be express through writing. He felt up that the artist, his adventures, travels, loves, and humiliations are single-minded in the inventive product that becomes his long-lasting life. (Leverich 1995, p. 268) I think he magnate have hold that while creative work plays that role for the artist, memory and fondness are its equivalent for all of us.Williams knew that it is through the creative transmutation of experience, sometimes in verse, sometimes in memory, that we draw closer to that long delay plainly forever pass judgment something we live for (1945, p. 23). REFERENCES 1269 DAVIS, J. (2001). deceased but not forget asse rting(prenominal) and non-declarative memory processes and their plowshare to resilience. bulletin of the Downloaded from http//apa. sagepub. com at calcium digital subroutine library on folk 9, 2009 Daniel Jacobs 1270 Menninger Clinic 65451470. FREUD, S. (1899). class memories. streamer strain 3301322. (1908). inventive writers and day-dreaming.Standard variation 9143153. K RIS , E. (1956a). The personal myth. In The Selected papers of Ernst Kris. impertinent seaport Yale University Press, 1975, pp. 272300. (1956b). The recuperation of childhood memories in psychoanalysis. In The Selected cover of Ernst Kris. juvenile seaport Yale University Press, 1975, pp. 301340. LEVERICH, L. (1995). Tom The recondite Tennessee Williams. naked York Norton. NELSON, B. (1961). Tennessee Williams The mankind and His Work. spick-and-span York Obolensky. RASKY, H. (1986). Tennessee Williams A characterization in laugh and Lamentation. Niagara move photomosaic Press. SCHACTER, D. (1995).In face of Memory. Cambridge Harvard University Press. SCHNEIDERMAN, L. (1986). Tennessee Williams The incest composition and f ictional love relationships. psychoanalytical analyze 7397110. UPDIKE, J. (l960). Rabbit, Run. newfound York Knopf. WILLIAMS, T. (1945). The internal-combustion engine Menagerie. hot York smart Direc-tions, l975. (l972). Memoirs. tonic York Doubleday. (l975). The denouement of success. In The trumpery Menagerie. immature York virgin Directions, 1975, pp. 1117. 64 Williston thoroughfare Brookline, MA 02146 e-mail emailprotected com Downloaded from http//apa. sagepub. com at calcium digital subroutine library on family 9, 2009